Hebrew

Code ISO 639-3: heb

Classification: Afro-Asiatic > Semitic > West Semitic > Central Semitic > Northwest Semitic > Canaanite > Hebrewic > Modern Hebrew

Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)

Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Glinert, Lewis 1989)

Ressources dans l'entrepôt

Pays ou régions dans lesquelles l'entrepôt dispose d'enregistrements
Région Code Nombre
France FR 4
Rechercher toutes les ressources de l'entrepôt sur cette langue: Hebrew

Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS

  • Complex Sentences:'Want' Complement Subjects = "Subject is left implicit"
  • Complex Sentences:'When' Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Complex Sentences:Purpose Clauses = "Balanced/deranked" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Complex Sentences:Reason Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Complex Sentences:Relativization on Obliques = "Pronoun-retention" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Complex Sentences:Relativization on Subjects = "Gap" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Complex Sentences:Utterance Complement Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Lexicon:Finger and Hand = "Different" (réf. Bergman 1968 )
  • Lexicon:Hand and Arm = "Different" (réf. Bergman 1968 )
  • Lexicon:M in First Person Singular = "No m in first person singular" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Lexicon:M in Second Person Singular = "No m in second person singular" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Lexicon:M-T Pronouns = "No M-T pronouns" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Lexicon:N-M Pronouns = "No N-M pronouns" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Lexicon:Numeral Bases = "Decimal" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Lexicon:Tea = "Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te" (réf. Malherbe and Rosenberg 1996 )
  • Morphology:Case Syncretism = "No case marking" (réf. Berman 1997 )
  • Morphology:Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "No case" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Morphology:Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection = "TAM+agreement+diathesis" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Morphology:Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Ablaut/concatenative" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Morphology:Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb = "4-5 categories per word" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases = "Dependent marking" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking in the Clause = "Dependent marking" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology = "Inconsistent or other" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Weakly suffixing" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Morphology:Reduplication = "Productive full and partial reduplication" (réf. Devens 2001b )
  • Morphology:Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking = "Syncretic" (réf. Berman 1997 )
  • Morphology:Zero Marking of A and P Arguments = "Non-zero marking" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Nominal Categories:Asymmetrical Case-Marking = "No case-marking" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "Plural suffix" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Comitatives and Instrumentals = "Identity" (réf. Simon 1979 )
  • Nominal Categories:Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers = "Formally similar, without interrogative"
  • Nominal Categories:Definite Articles = "Definite affix" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives = "Two-way contrast" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "No distributive numerals"
  • Nominal Categories:Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns = "In 3rd person + 1st and/or 2nd person" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns = "No inclusive/exclusive" (réf. Glinert 1991 )
  • Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection = "No inclusive/exclusive" (réf. Glinert 1991 )
  • Nominal Categories:Indefinite Articles = "Indefinite word same as 'one'" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Indefinite Pronouns = "Interrogative-based"
  • Nominal Categories:Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns = "Identical" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Number of Cases = "No morphological case-marking" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Number of Genders = "Two" (réf. Glinert 1994 )
  • Nominal Categories:Numeral Classifiers = "Absent"
  • Nominal Categories:Occurrence of Nominal Plurality = "All nouns, always obligatory"
  • Nominal Categories:Ordinal Numerals = "First, two-th, three-th" (réf. Simon 1979 )
  • Nominal Categories:Person Marking on Adpositions = "Pronouns only" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns = "Person-number stem" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Nominal Categories:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns = "No politeness distinction" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "Prepositional clitics" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes = "Possessive suffixes" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives = "Identical" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Categories:Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems = "Sex-based" (réf. Glinert 1994 )
  • Nominal Categories:Systems of Gender Assignment = "Semantic and formal" (réf. Glinert 1994 )
  • Nominal Categories:The Associative Plural = "No associative plural"
  • Nominal Categories:Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives = "Related for all demonstratives" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Action Nominal Constructions = "Mixed" (réf. Berman 1976 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Adjectives without Nouns = "Without marking"
  • Nominal Syntax:Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses = "Highly differentiated"
  • Nominal Syntax:Nominal and Verbal Conjunction = "Identity"
  • Nominal Syntax:Noun Phrase Conjunction = "'And' different from 'with'"
  • Nominal Syntax:Number of Possessive Nouns = "None reported" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Obligatory Possessive Inflection = "Absent" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Possessive Classification = "No possessive classification" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Other:Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks = "Logical meanings"
  • Phonology:Absence of Common Consonants = "All present" (réf. Bolozky 1997, Bolozky 1978 )
  • Phonology:Consonant Inventories = "Moderately small" (réf. Bolozky 1997, Bolozky 1978 )
  • Phonology:Consonant-Vowel Ratio = "Average" (réf. Bolozky 1997, Bolozky 1978 )
  • Phonology:Fixed Stress Locations = "Ultimate" (réf. Glinert 1989, Bolozky 1982 )
  • Phonology:Front Rounded Vowels = "None" (réf. Bolozky 1978, Bolozky 1997 )
  • Phonology:Glottalized Consonants = "No glottalized consonants" (réf. Bolozky 1978, Bolozky 1997 )
  • Phonology:Lateral Consonants = "/l/, no obstruent laterals" (réf. Bolozky 1978, Bolozky 1997 )
  • Phonology:Presence of Uncommon Consonants = "None" (réf. Bolozky 1997, Bolozky 1978 )
  • Phonology:Rhythm Types = "Trochaic" (réf. Glinert 1989, Bolozky 1982 )
  • Phonology:Syllable Structure = "Complex" (réf. Bolozky 1997, Bolozky 1978 )
  • Phonology:The Velar Nasal = "No velar nasal" (réf. Bolozky 1997 )
  • Phonology:Tone = "No tones" (réf. Bolozky 1997, Bolozky 1978 )
  • Phonology:Uvular Consonants = "Uvular continuants only" (réf. Bolozky 1997, Bolozky 1978 )
  • Phonology:Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems = "None missing in /p t k b d g/" (réf. Bolozky 1978, Bolozky 1997 )
  • Phonology:Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives = "In plosives alone" (réf. Bolozky 1997, Bolozky 1978 )
  • Phonology:Vowel Nasalization = "Contrast absent" (réf. Glinert 1989, Chayen 1973 )
  • Phonology:Vowel Quality Inventories = "Average (5-6)" (réf. Bolozky 1997, Bolozky 1978 )
  • Phonology:Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems = "No weight" (réf. Glinert 1989, Bolozky 1982 )
  • Phonology:Weight-Sensitive Stress = "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)" (réf. Glinert 1989, Bolozky 1982 )
  • Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases = "Nominative - accusative (standard)"
  • Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns = "Nominative - accusative (standard)"
  • Simple Clauses:Alignment of Verbal Person Marking = "Accusative" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Simple Clauses:Antipassive Constructions = "No antipassive" (réf. Glinert 1994 )
  • Simple Clauses:Applicative Constructions = "No applicative construction" (réf. Glinert 1994 )
  • Simple Clauses:Comparative Constructions = "Locational"
  • Simple Clauses:Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' = "Indirect-object construction"
  • Simple Clauses:Expression of Pronominal Subjects = "Mixed" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation = "Predicate negation also present"
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative particle" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Simple Clauses:Nominal and Locational Predication = "Identical"
  • Simple Clauses:Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions = "Morphological but no compound" (réf. Glinert 1989, Berman 1978 )
  • Simple Clauses:Order of Person Markers on the Verb = "A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Simple Clauses:Other Roles of Applied Objects = "No applicative construction"
  • Simple Clauses:Passive Constructions = "Present" (réf. Berman 1997 )
  • Simple Clauses:Periphrastic Causative Constructions = "Purposive but no sequential" (réf. Glinert 1989, Berman 1978 )
  • Simple Clauses:Polar Questions = "Question particle" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Simple Clauses:Predicative Adjectives = "Nonverbal encoding"
  • Simple Clauses:Predicative Possession = "Locational" (réf. Rosén 1962 )
  • Simple Clauses:Productivity of the Antipassive Construction = "no antipassive" (réf. Glinert 1994 )
  • Simple Clauses:Reciprocal Constructions = "Mixed" (réf. Aikhenvald 1990 )
  • Simple Clauses:Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation = "A/Fin" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Simple Clauses:Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Both" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Simple Clauses:Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking = "Zero in all 3sg forms" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Simple Clauses:Verbal Person Marking = "Only the A argument" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Simple Clauses:Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals = "Possible"
  • Verbal Categories:Coding of Evidentiality = "No grammatical evidentials" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Verbal Categories:Epistemic Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Kopelovich 1982 )
  • Verbal Categories:Imperative-Hortative Systems = "Maximal system" (réf. Malygina 2001 )
  • Verbal Categories:Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking = "Overlap for both possibility and necessity" (réf. Kopelovich 1982 )
  • Verbal Categories:Perfective/Imperfective Aspect = "No grammatical marking" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
  • Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "Mixed type" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Verbal Categories:Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality = "No grammatical evidentials" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Verbal Categories:Situational Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Kopelovich 1982, Glinert 1994 )
  • Verbal Categories:Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect = "Tense" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Verbal Categories:Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives = "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)"
  • Verbal Categories:The Future Tense = "Inflectional future exists" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Morphological Imperative = "Second singular and second plural" (réf. Schwarzwald 2001, Rosén 1979, Malygina 2001 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Optative = "Inflectional optative absent" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Past Tense = "Present, no remoteness distinctions" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Perfect = "No perfect" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Prohibitive = "Special imperative + special negative" (réf. Glinert 1989, Berman 1997, Malygina 2001 )
  • Verbal Categories:Verbal Number and Suppletion = "None" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:NegSVO Order = "No NegSVO" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Prepositions" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Initial subordinator word" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "No dominant order" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Noun-Demonstrative" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Noun-Genitive" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "NegV" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Numeral-Noun" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "VO" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Noun-Relative clause" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SVO" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Initial interrogative phrase" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "SNegVO" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Position of Polar Question Particles = "Initial" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb = "Immed preverbal" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Postnominal relative clauses = "Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "NegV" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "VO and NAdj"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "VO and Prepositions"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "VO and NRel"
  • Word Order:SNegVO Order = "Word&NoDoubleNeg" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:SVNegO Order = "No SVNegO" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:SVONeg Order = "No SVONeg" (réf. Glinert 1989 )
  • Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages = "SNegVO" (réf. Glinert 1989 )

Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_heb

Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE

  • Hebrew (uz 2189) (27 segments)
    a , b , d , e , f , h , i , j , k , l , m , n , o , p , r , s , t , u , v , z , ħ , ɡ , ʃ , ʒ , ʔ , ʕ , χ
  • Israeli Hebrew (ea 2449) (25 segments)
    a , b , d , f , h , i , j , k , l , m , n , o , p , s , t , ts , u , v , x , z , ɛ , ɡ , ʁ , ʃ , ʔ
  • Modern Hebrew (spa 135) (30 segments)
    a , f , f͉ , h , j , k , k͉ , l , m , n , o , p , p͉ , s , s͉ , t , ts , t̠ʃ , t̠ʃ͉ , t͉ , x , ŋ , ə̆ , ɛ , ɪ , ʁ , ʃ , ʃ͉ , ʊ , ʔ

Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog

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  • Afifa Eve Kheir. 2019. The Matrix Language Turnover Hypothesis: The Case of the Druze Language in Israel. Journal of Language Contact 12. 479-512. (cf. référence complète)
  • Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 1990. Sovremennyj ivrit. Moscow: Nauka. 146pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Ajchenval'd, Aleksandra Jur'evna. 1990. Sovremennyj ivrit. (Jazyki Narodov Azii i Afriki.) Moskva: Nauka. 146pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Ajxenval'd, Aleksandra Ju. 1990. Sovremennyj ivrit. Moskva: Nauka. (cf. référence complète)
  • Alan S. Prince. 1975. The Phonology and Morphology of Tiberian Hebrew. In Prince, Alan Sanford (ed.) Cambridge: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology. (Bibliography S. 246-247, Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 248pp.) (cf. référence complète)
  • Bat-El, Outi. 1996. Phonologically-Based Word Formation: Modern Hebrew Blends. Studia Grammatica 41. 46-59. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bat-El, Outi. 1996. Selecting the best of the worst: the grammar of Hebrew blends. Phonology 13. 283-328. (cf. référence complète)
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  • Bolozky, Shmuel. 1978. Some aspects of modern Hebrew phonology. In Ruth Aronson Berman (ed.), Modern Hebrew Structure, 11-67. Tel Aviv: University Publishing Projects. (cf. référence complète)
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  • Coffin, Edna Amir and Bolozky, Shmuel. 2005. A reference grammar of modern Hebrew. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. xiv+447pp. (Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index). (cf. référence complète)
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  • Gold, David. 1995. South African English koeksister 'lesbian' in its broader context: on the linguistic pairing of sexuality and food, with reference to other varieties of English, Afrikaans, German, Dutch, Hebrew, Japanese, Latin, Spanish, and Yiddish. South African journal of linguistics 13. 128-130. (cf. référence complète)
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Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog