Icelandic

Code ISO 639-3: isl

Classification: Indo-European > Classical Indo-European > Germanic > Northwest Germanic > North Germanic > West Scandinavian > Icelandic-Faroese > Icelandic

Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)

Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Stefán, Einarsson 1949)

Ressources dans l'entrepôt

Pays ou régions dans lesquelles l'entrepôt dispose d'enregistrements
Région Code Nombre
France FR 2
Rechercher toutes les ressources de l'entrepôt sur cette langue: Icelandic

Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS

  • Lexicon:Tea = "Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te" (réf. Malherbe and Rosenberg 1996 )
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases = "Dependent marking" (réf. Kress 1982, Einarsson 1945 )
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking in the Clause = "Dependent marking" (réf. Kress 1982, Einarsson 1945 )
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology = "Dependent-marking" (réf. Kress 1982, Einarsson 1945 )
  • Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Strongly suffixing" (réf. Thráinsson 1994, Einarsson 1945, Jonsson 1927 )
  • Morphology:Zero Marking of A and P Arguments = "Non-zero marking" (réf. Einarsson 1945, Kress 1982 )
  • Nominal Categories:Asymmetrical Case-Marking = "Syncretism in relevant NP-types" (réf. Kress 1982 )
  • Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "Plural suffix" (réf. Jonsson 1927 )
  • Nominal Categories:Comitatives and Instrumentals = "Mixed" (réf. Pétursson 1978 )
  • Nominal Categories:Definite Articles = "Definite affix" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Nominal Categories:Indefinite Articles = "No indefinite, but definite article" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Nominal Categories:Indefinite Pronouns = "Interrogative-based" (réf. Haspelmath 1997 )
  • Nominal Categories:Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns = "Differentiated" (réf. Kress 1982 )
  • Nominal Categories:Number of Cases = "4 cases" (réf. Kress 1982 )
  • Nominal Categories:Number of Genders = "Three" (réf. Jonsson 1927 )
  • Nominal Categories:Occurrence of Nominal Plurality = "All nouns, always obligatory" (réf. Thráinsson 1994 )
  • Nominal Categories:Ordinal Numerals = "First, second, three-th" (réf. Pétursson 1978 )
  • Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "Case suffixes" (réf. Einarsson 1945, Jonsson 1927 )
  • Nominal Categories:Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes = "No possessive affixes" (réf. Jonsson 1927 )
  • Nominal Categories:Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems = "Sex-based" (réf. Jonsson 1927 )
  • Nominal Categories:Systems of Gender Assignment = "Semantic and formal" (réf. Jonsson 1927 )
  • Nominal Categories:The Associative Plural = "Unique periphrastic associative plural" (réf. Einarsson 1949 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Action Nominal Constructions = "Other"
  • Nominal Syntax:Noun Phrase Conjunction = "'And' different from 'with'" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Phonology:Fixed Stress Locations = "Initial" (réf. Árnasonar 1980 )
  • Phonology:Rhythm Types = "Trochaic" (réf. Árnasonar 1980 )
  • Phonology:Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems = "No weight" (réf. Árnasonar 1980 )
  • Phonology:Weight-Sensitive Stress = "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)" (réf. Árnasonar 1980 )
  • Simple Clauses:Antipassive Constructions = "No antipassive" (réf. Jonsson 1927, Maling and Zaenen 1990 )
  • Simple Clauses:Applicative Constructions = "No applicative construction" (réf. Jonsson 1927 )
  • Simple Clauses:Expression of Pronominal Subjects = "Obligatory pronouns in subject position" (réf. Thráinsson 1994 )
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation = "Mixed behaviour" (réf. Haspelmath 1997 )
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative particle"
  • Simple Clauses:Nominal and Locational Predication = "Identical" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Simple Clauses:Other Roles of Applied Objects = "No applicative construction"
  • Simple Clauses:Predicative Adjectives = "Nonverbal encoding" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Simple Clauses:Productivity of the Antipassive Construction = "no antipassive" (réf. Jonsson 1927, Maling and Zaenen 1990 )
  • Simple Clauses:Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Non-assignable" (réf. Glendening 1966, Kress 1982 )
  • Simple Clauses:Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Symmetric" (réf. Glendening 1966, Kress 1982 )
  • Simple Clauses:Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals = "Impossible" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Verbal Categories:Epistemic Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Pétursson 1978 )
  • Verbal Categories:Imperative-Hortative Systems = "Neither type of system" (réf. Pétursson 1978 )
  • Verbal Categories:Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking = "Overlap for either possibility or necessity" (réf. Pétursson 1978 )
  • Verbal Categories:Perfective/Imperfective Aspect = "No grammatical marking" (réf. Einarsson 1949 )
  • Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "Tense-aspect suffixes" (réf. Jonsson 1927 )
  • Verbal Categories:Situational Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Pétursson 1978 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Future Tense = "No inflectional future" (réf. Einarsson 1949 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Morphological Imperative = "Second singular" (réf. Pétursson 1978, Thráinsson 1994 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Optative = "Inflectional optative absent" (réf. Thráinsson 1994 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Past Tense = "Present, no remoteness distinctions" (réf. Einarsson 1949 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Perfect = "From possessive" (réf. Einarsson 1949 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Prohibitive = "Normal imperative + normal negative" (réf. Pétursson 1978, Thráinsson 1994 )
  • Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None"
  • Word Order:Multiple Negative Constructions in SVO Languages = "SNegVO/SVNegO"
  • Word Order:NegSVO Order = "No NegSVO"
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Adjective-Noun" (réf. Jonsson 1927, Einarsson 1945 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Prepositions" (réf. Jonsson 1927 )
  • Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Degree word-Adjective" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Demonstrative-Noun" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Noun-Genitive" (réf. Jonsson 1927, Einarsson 1945 )
  • Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "Type 1 / Type 2"
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Numeral-Noun" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "VO" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Noun-Relative clause" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SVO" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "More than one position"
  • Word Order:Postnominal relative clauses = "Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant" (réf. Einarsson 1945 )
  • Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "VNeg"
  • Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "NegV"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "VO and AdjN"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "VO and Prepositions"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "VO and NRel"
  • Word Order:SNegVO Order = "Word&NoDoubleNeg"
  • Word Order:SVNegO Order = "Word&NoDoubleNeg"
  • Word Order:SVONeg Order = "No SVONeg"
  • Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages = "More than one construction"

Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_ice

Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE

  • Icelandic (ea 2568) (45 segments)
    ä , äi̯ , äu̯ , c , cʰ , ei̯ , f , h , i , j , k , kʰ , l , m , m̥ , n̪ , n̪̥ , ou̯ , p , pʰ , r , r̥ , s̺ , t̪ , t̪ʰ , u , x , ç , ð̺̞ , øɪ̯ , ŋ , ŋ̥ , œ , ɔ , ɔi̯ , ɛ , ɪ , ɬ , ɰ , ɲ , ɲ̥ , ʋ , ʏ , ʏi̯ , θ̻
  • Icelandic (spa 158) (39 segments)
    a , aː , e , eː , f , h , i , iː , j , j̥ , k , kʰ , l , l̥ , m , n , n̥ , p , pʰ , r , r̥ , s , t , tʰ , u , uː , v , ø , øː , ŋˑ , œ , œː , ɔ , ɔː , ɛ , ɛː , ɣ , ʍ , θ

Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog

  • Arnbjörnsdóttir, Birna. 2006. North American Icelandic: The Life of a Language. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press. (cf. référence complète)
  • Barðal, Jóhanna. 2008. Productivity: evidence from case and argument structure in Icelandic. (Constructional approaches to language, 8.) Amsterdam: Benjamins. xiii+207pp. (Includes bibliographical references (p. [183]-190) and indexes.) (cf. référence complète)
  • Brynjólfsson, Ingvar G. 1983. Universal-Wörterbuch Isländisch. Berlin: Langenscheidt. (cf. référence complète)
  • Burton-Roberts, Noel and Poole, Geoffrey. 2006. Syntax vs. phonology: a representational approach to stylistic fronting and verb-second in Icelandic. Lingua 116. 562-600. (cf. référence complète)
  • Dasent, G. W. 1861. The Story of the Burnt Njal. (cf. référence complète)
  • Einarsson, Stefán. 1945. Icelandic: grammar, texts, glossary. 3rd edn. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. xxxvii+502pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Einarsson, Stefán. 1956. Icelandic: grammar, texts, glossary. 3rd edn. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. xxxvii+502pp. (Bibliography: p. xix-xxii). (cf. référence complète)
  • Einarsson, Stefán. 1976. Icelandic: grammar, texts, glossary. 7th edn. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. xxxvii+502pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Glendening, P.J.T. 1966. Icelandic, a Complete Course for Beginners. Teach Yourself Books. London: Hodder and Stoughton. (cf. référence complète)
  • Henry Sweet. 1895. An Icelandic Primer. 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. viii+102pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Johnson, E. 1930. Pioneers of Freedom. (cf. référence complète)
  • Jonsson, Snaebjörn. 1927. A Primer of Modern Icelandic. London: Oxford University Press. (cf. référence complète)
  • Kress, Bruno. 1982. Isländische Grammatik. Leipzig / München: Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie. 308pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Leeuw van Weenen, Andrea de. 2000. A grammar of Mödruvallabók. (CNWS publications, 85.) Leiden: Research School CNWS. xviii+366pp. (This volume is the sequel to: Mö?ruvallabók, AM 132 fol. ...) (cf. référence complète)
  • Macken, Marlys. 1990. Trimoraic syllable structure. Chicago Linguistic Society (CLS) 26:2. 273-286. (cf. référence complète)
  • Maling, Joan and Zaenen, Annie. 1990. Modern Icelandic syntax. (Syntax and Semantics, 24.) In Maling, Joan and Zaenen, Annie (eds.) Leiden: Brill. xviii+443pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Merrill, R. T. 1964. Notes on Icelandic Kinship Terminology. American Anthropologist 66. 867-872. (cf. référence complète)
  • Pétursson, M. 1978. Isländisch: eine Übersicht über die moderne isländische Sprache mit einem kurzen Abriß der Geschichte und Literatur Islands. Hamburg: Buske. (cf. référence complète)
  • Pétursson, Magnús. 1981. Lehrbuch der isländischen Sprache. Hamburg: Helmut Buske. (cf. référence complète)
  • Runolphus Jonas. 1651. Recentissima Antiquissimae Linguae Septentrionalis Incunabula, id est grammaticae Islandicae rudimenta. Hafniae: P. Hakus. (cf. référence complète)
  • Siegfried Gutenbrunner. 1951. Historische Laut- und Formenlehre des Altisländischen zugleich eine einführung in das Urnordische. Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsverlag. (cf. référence complète)
  • Solveig Bjarnason. 1998. Parlons islandais: Langue et culture. Paris: L'Harmattan. 299pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Stefán, Einarsson. 1949. Icelandic grammar, text, glossary. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. 576pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Stolz, Thomas and Kettler, Sonja and Stroh, Cornelia. 2008. Split possession: an areal-linguistic study of the alienability correlation and related phenomena in the languages of Europe. (Studies in language Companion Series, 101.) Philadelphia: Benjamins. xiii+538pp. (Includes bibliographical references and index). (cf. référence complète)
  • Svavarsdóttir, Ásta and Margrét Jónsdóttir. 2009. Íslenska fyrir útlendinga: Kennslubók í málfræði. Reykjavík: Háskóla Íslands. (cf. référence complète)
  • Sweet, Henry. 1895. An Icelandic Primer : with Grammar, Notes, and Glossary. London: Oxford Univ. Press. 176pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Thráinsson, Höskuldur. 1994. Icelandic. In König, Ekkehard and van der Auwera, Johan (eds.), The Germanic Languages, 142-189. London: Routledge. (cf. référence complète)
  • Thráinsson, Höskuldur. 2007. The Syntax of Icelandic. (Cambridge Syntax Guides.) Cambridge: Univ. Press. xii+563pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Ussery, Cherlon. 1966. Variation in Icelandic agreement. Multiple agree, multiple grammars. X. (unpublished). (cf. référence complète)
  • Wood, Jim. 2012. Icelandic morphosyntax and argument structure. New York, NY: Springer. (Doctoral dissertation, New York University; 368pp.) (cf. référence complète)
  • Árnason, Kristján R. 1980. Quantity in Historical Phonology, Icelandic and Related Cases. (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics, 30.) Cambridge: University Press. (cf. référence complète)

Seules sont affichées les 100 premières référence. Pour une liste exhaustive sur Glottolog

Autres liens sur cette langue

Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog