Lao
Code ISO 639-3: lao
Classification: Tai-Kadai > Kam-Tai > Daic-Beic > Daic > Central-Southwestern Tai > Wenma-Southwestern Tai > Sapa-Southwestern Tai > Southwestern Tai > Southwestern Thai PH > Lao-Thai > Lao
Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)
Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Le Ky Huong, Pierre 1917)
Ressources dans l'entrepôt
Région | Code | Nombre | |
---|---|---|---|
France | FR | 10 | |
Laos | LA | 38 | |
Thailand | TH | 6 | |
Vietnam | VN | 15 |
Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS
- Lexicon:Finger and Hand = "Different" (réf. Marcus 1970 )
- Lexicon:Hand and Arm = "Different" (réf. Marcus 1970 )
- Lexicon:Tea = "Others" (réf. Malherbe and Rosenberg 1996 )
- Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Little affixation" (réf. Hospitalier 1937, Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "No plural" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Nominal Categories:Definite Articles = "No definite or indefinite article" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Nominal Categories:Indefinite Articles = "No definite or indefinite article" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "No case affixes or adpositional clitics" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Nominal Categories:Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes = "No possessive affixes" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Nominal Categories:The Associative Plural = "Unique periphrastic associative plural"
- Other:Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks = "Affective meanings"
- Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative word, unclear if verb or particle" (réf. Hospitalier 1937, Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Simple Clauses:Nominal and Locational Predication = "Different" (réf. Morev et al. 1979 )
- Simple Clauses:Polar Questions = "Question particle" (réf. Hospitalier 1937, Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Simple Clauses:Predicative Adjectives = "Verbal encoding" (réf. Morev et al. 1979 )
- Simple Clauses:Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals = "Impossible" (réf. Morev et al. 1979 )
- Verbal Categories:Perfective/Imperfective Aspect = "No grammatical marking" (réf. Bybee et al. 1994 )
- Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "No tense-aspect inflection" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Verbal Categories:The Future Tense = "No inflectional future" (réf. Bybee et al. 1994 )
- Verbal Categories:The Past Tense = "No past tense" (réf. Bybee et al. 1994 )
- Verbal Categories:The Perfect = "From 'finish', 'already'" (réf. Bybee et al. 1994 )
- Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:NegSVO Order = "No NegSVO" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. Hospitalier 1937, Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Prepositions" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Initial subordinator word" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Adjective-Degree word" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Noun-Demonstrative" (réf. Hospitalier 1937, Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Noun-Genitive" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "NegV" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Noun-Numeral" (réf. Hospitalier 1937, Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "VO" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Noun-Relative clause" (réf. Hospitalier 1937, Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SVO" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Not initial interrogative phrase" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "SNegVO" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:Position of Polar Question Particles = "Final" (réf. Hospitalier 1937, Yates and Sayisthsena 1970 )
- Word Order:Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb = "Immed preverbal" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:Postnominal relative clauses = "Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "NegV" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "VO and NAdj"
- Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "VO and Prepositions"
- Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "VO and NRel"
- Word Order:SNegVO Order = "Word&NoDoubleNeg" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:SVNegO Order = "No SVNegO" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:SVONeg Order = "No SVONeg" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
- Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages = "SNegVO" (réf. Yates and Sayisthsena 1970, Hospitalier 1937 )
Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_lao
Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE
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Lao (ea 2246) (42 segments) a , aː , b , c , d , e , eː , f , h , i , ia , iː , j , k , kʰ , l , m , n , o , oː , p , pʰ , s , t , tʰ , u , ua , uː , v , w , ŋ , ɔ , ɔː , ə , əː , ɛ , ɛː , ɯ , ɯa , ɯː , ɲ , ʔ
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Lao (ea 2320) (33 segments) a , b , c , d , e , f , h , i , ia , j , k , kʰ , l , m , n , o , p , pʰ , s , t , tʰ , u , ua , v , w , ŋ , ɔ , ɛ , ɤ , ɯ , ɯɑ , ɲ , ʔ
-
Lao (ea 2385) (33 segments) a , b , c , d , e , f , h , i , ia , j , k , kʰ , l , m , n , o , p , pʰ , s , t , tʰ , u , ua , v , w , ŋ , ɔ , ɛ , ɤ , ɯ , ɯɑ , ɲ , ʔ
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Lao (ph 924) (40 segments) a , b , c , cʷ , d , e , f , h , i , ia , j , k , kʰ , kʷ , kʷʰ , l , lʷ , m , n , o , p , pʰ , s , sʷ , t , tʰ , tʷʰ , u , uə , w , ŋ , ŋʷ , ɔ , ɛ , ɤ , ɯ , ɯə , ɲ , ʔ , ʔʷ
Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog
- Adams, K. L. and Hudak, T. J. (eds.) 1994. Choosing Lao pronouns for conversational purposes: Negotiating and establishing relationships verbally. In Adams, K. L. and Hudak, T. J. (eds.), Papers fro the Second Annual Meering of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. (cf. référence complète)
- Adams, K.L. and Hudak, T.J. (eds.) 1996. On the Origins of Labialized Consonants in Lao. In Adams, K.L. and Hudak, T.J. (eds.), Papers from the 6th annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society. (cf. référence complète)
- Bauer, Robert S. (ed.) 2002. Functions of 'give' and 'take' in Lao complex predicates. In Bauer, Robert S. (ed.), Collected papers on Southeast Asian and Pacific Languages. (cf. référence complète)
- Chelliah and de Reuse (eds.) 1997. Voice Quality and Tone in Several Lao Dialects. In Chelliah and de Reuse (eds.), Papers from the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society SEALS V: 1995. (cf. référence complète)
- Cheminaud, Guy. 1906. Nouvelle dictionnaire français-laotien, contenant plus de cinq mille cinq cent mots appuyés par des locutions familières. Tulle: Imprimerie Crauffon. 198pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Cuaz, Marie Joseph. 1904. Lexique français-laocienne [French-Laotian lexicon]. Hongkong: Imprimerie de la Société des Missions Etrangères. lxxvi+490pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Cuaz, Marie Joseph. 1906. Manuel de conversation franco-laocienne [French–Loatian conversation manual]. Hongkong: Imprimerie de Nazareth. 296pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Dixon, R.M.W. and Aikhenvald Alexandra Y (eds.) 2004. Adjectives in Lao. In Dixon, R.M.W. and Aikhenvald Alexandra Y (eds.), Adjective Classes. La Trobe: Oxford University Press. (cf. référence complète)
- Enfield, Nick J. 2007. A grammar of Lao. (Mouton grammar library, 38.) New York: Mouton de Gruyter. xxvii+567pp. (ncludes bibliographical references and index). (cf. référence complète)
- Enfield, Ν. J. 2004. Nominal classification in Lao: a sketch. STUF - Language Typology and Universals 57. 117-143. Akademie Verlag. (cf. référence complète)
- Guignard, Théodore. 1912. Dictionnaire laotien--français [Laotian--French dictionary]. (lxx.) Hongkong: Imprimerie de Nazareth. 960pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Gårding, E. and J. Svantesson. 1994. An Introductory Study of Tone and Intonation in a Lao Dialect. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia (ALH) 27. 219-234. (cf. référence complète)
- Harris, Jimmy G. and Chamberlain, James R. (eds.) 1975. Rhyme, reduplication, etc. in Lao. In Harris, Jimmy G. and Chamberlain, James R. (eds.), Studies in Tai linguistics. In honor of William J. Gedney. (cf. référence complète)
- Hospitalier, Julien Joseph. 1937. Grammaire laotienne [Laotian grammar]. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, Paul Geuthner. viii+270pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Hudak, Thomas J. 1997. William J. Gedney's Tai dialect studies: glossaries, texts, and translations. (Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, 45.) Ann Arbor: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan. xviii+1336pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Joachim Schliesinger. 2003. Ethnic Groups of Laos: Profiles of Austro-Thai-speaking peoples. (Ethnic Groups of Laos, 3.) White Lotus Press. xxvi+286pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Le Ky Huong, Pierre. 1917. Essai de cours de langue laotienne [Essay on a course in the Laotian language]. Vientiane: Imprimerie du governement. 601pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Lev N. Morev and A. A. Moskalev and Yurij Y. Plam. 1979. The Lao Language. (Languages of Asia and Africa, Languages of Asia and Africa.) Moscow: Akademia Nauk SSSR. 128pp. (Translation of: Laosskii iazyk Includes bibliographical references). (cf. référence complète)
- Macken, M. (ed.) 2000. Uses of Pronouns and Kinship Terms in Lao Performance Texts. In Macken, M. (ed.), Papers from the 10th annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society. (cf. référence complète)
- Marcus, Russell. 1970. English-Lao Lao-English Dictionary. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company. (cf. référence complète)
- Morev, L.N. and A.A. Moskalyov and Y.Y. Plam. 1979. The Lao language. Moscow: Nauka. (cf. référence complète)
- Morev, Lev N. 2006. Cognitive and structural aspects of abstract nominalization in Tai and some other isolating languages of Southeast Asia. Mon-Khmer Studies: A Journal of Southeast Asian Languages and Cultures 36. 139-148. (cf. référence complète)
- Morev, Lev Nikolaevic and Moskalev, A.A. and Plam, Y.Y. 1979. The Lao language [Laosskij jazyk <eng>]. (Languages of Asia and Africa.) Moskau: Nauka. 128pp. (Includes bibliographical references). (cf. référence complète)
- Newman, John (ed.) 2002. Semantics and combinatorics of ‘sit’, ‘stand’, and ‘lie’ in Lao. In Newman, John (ed.), The Linguistics of Sitting, Standing, and Lying. (cf. référence complète)
- Nomura, Naomitsu Mikami. 1992. A semantic analysis of the so-called passive verbs in some Indochinese languages. Mon-Khmer Studies 21. 91-106. (cf. référence complète)
- Norindr, Chou. 1994. Parlons lao: langue, civilisation et culture du Laos. (Collection Parlons.) Paris: L'Harmattan. 237pp. (Includes bibliographical references p. 223-225). (cf. référence complète)
- Osatananda, Varisa. 1997. Tone in Vientiane Lao. Ann Arbor: UMI. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa; xiv+204pp.) (cf. référence complète)
- Person, Kirk R. 1998. Voice quality and tone in several Lao dialects. In Shobhana L. Chellian and Willem J. De Reuse (eds.), Papers from the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 1995, 261-275. Tempe: Arizona State University Press. (cf. référence complète)
- Rehbein, Boike and Sayaseng, Sisouk. 2004. Laotische Grammatik: Phonologie, Formenlehre und Pragmatik. Hamburg: Buske. 132pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Reinhorn, Marc. 1970. Dictionnaire laotien-français. (Atlas ethno-linguistique : Sér. 4, Dictionnaires.) Paris: CNRS. (Bibliography: v. 1, p. xxv-xxviii). (cf. référence complète)
- Somsonge Burusphat. 2007. A comparison of general classifiers in Tai-Kadai languages. Mon-Khmer studies: a journal of Southeast Asian languages and cultures 37. 129-153. (cf. référence complète)
- Taupin, J. 1903. Vocabulaire franco-laotien. 2nd edn. Paris: E. Schneider Ainé. (cf. référence complète)
- Wayland, Ratree. 1996. Lao expressives. Mon-Khmer Studies 26. 217-231. (cf. référence complète)
- William L. Patterson (ed.) 1995. Lao-English dictionary. Kensington: Dunwoody Press. xiv+826pp. (Based on Lao-Russian dictionary compiled by L.N. Morev, V.K. Vasileva, and Yu. Ya. Includes bibliographical references (p. vi)). (cf. référence complète)
- Wright, Pamela S. 1996. A Lao grammar for language learners. Bangkok, Thailand: TU-SIL-LRDP and Thammasat University. viii+95pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Yates, Warren G. and Souksomboun Sayisthsena. 1970. Lao: Basic Course 1. Washington, D. C.: Foreign Service Institute. (cf. référence complète)
Seules sont affichées les 100 premières référence. Pour une liste exhaustive sur Glottolog
Autres liens sur cette langue
- Wikipedia: http://wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639:lao
- OLAC: http://www.language-archives.org/language/lao
- Glottolog: http://glottolog.org/glottolog?iso=lao
- iso639: http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lao
- Lexvo: http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/lao
Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog