Tok Pisin

Code ISO 639-3: tpi

Classification: Indo-European > Classical Indo-European > Germanic > Northwest Germanic > West Germanic > North Sea Germanic > Anglo-Frisian > Anglic > Later Anglic > Middle-Modern English > Macro-English > Pacific Creole English > Early Melanesian Pidgin > Tok Pisin

Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)

Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Stephen A. Wurm and Peter Mühlhäusler 1985)

Ressources dans l'entrepôt

Pays ou régions dans lesquelles l'entrepôt dispose d'enregistrements
Région Code Nombre
Vanuatu VU 2
Rechercher toutes les ressources de l'entrepôt sur cette langue: Tok Pisin

Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS

Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_tpi

Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE

  • Tapiete (ph 1038) (27 segments)
    a , ã , d̠ʒ , e , ẽ , h , i , ĩ , k , kʷ , mb , nd , o , õ , p , s , t , t̠ʃ , u , ũ , w , ŋɡ , ɨ , ɨ̃ , ɾ , ʃ , ʔ

Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog

  • 1971. Manki i pas long tais. 11pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • 1972. Pasin bilong salim pas. 16pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • 1972. Piring em i kisim sik malaria. 18pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • 1972. Stori bilong kaikai: Ol diwai na kaikai samting i kamap olsem wanem. 18pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • 1973. Sampela kantri klostu long yumi. 38pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • 1973. Sampela lain pipel bilong Papua Nu Gini. (cf. référence complète)
  • 1974. Wanem nem bilong mi? Pasin bilong sampela animal. 32pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • 1975. Getting ready to read (Pre-reader). 127pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • 1979. Mekim redi long rit na rait. 111pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Abraham and Givón and Thompson (eds.) 1995. “Lice he no good”: or [r] and [l] in Tok Pisin. In Abraham and Givón and Thompson (eds.), Discourse Grammar and Typology. Papers in honor of John W. M. Verhaar. (cf. référence complète)
  • Adler, Richard. 1975. Olsem wanem Tok Pisin i ken helpim ol manmeri long Papua Niugini?. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 121-26. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bai, B.L. and Reddy, B.R. (eds.) 1991. ‘BAGARAPS’ in Tok Pisin. In Bai, B.L. and Reddy, B.R. (eds.), Studies in Dravidian and General Linguistics. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bajao, Elpie and Thomas, Dicks. 1991. Tokpisin grammar workbook for English speakers: a practical approach to learning the sentence structure of Melanesian Pidgin (or Tokpisin). [s.l.]: Peace Corps (Papua New Guinea). iv+116pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bajao, Elpie. 1991. Tokpisin grammar workbook for English speakers : a practical approach to learning the sentence structure of Melanesian Pidgin (or Tokpisin). In Thomas, Dicks (ed.) [s.l.]: Peace Corps (Papua New Guinea). (cf. référence complète)
  • Bauer, Anton. 1975. Das neomelanesische Englisch: soziokulturelle Funktion und Entwicklung einer lingua franca. (Forum Anglicum, 5.) Bern [u.a.]: Herbert Lang [u.a.]. 180pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bickerton, Derek. 1975. Can English and Pidgin be kept apart?. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September, 1973, 21-27. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bickerton, Derek. 1975. University-level courses in Pidgin & Creole. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 127-33. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bybee, Joan and Fleischman, Suzanne (eds.) 1995. The Grammaticalization of Irrealis in Tok Pisin. In Bybee, Joan and Fleischman, Suzanne (eds.), Modality in grammar and discourse. (cf. référence complète)
  • Cates, Larry E. and Cates, Ann R. 1975. Authors for Papua New Guinea. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we?: Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 134-37. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Conrad, Bob. 1990. Problems in translating from Tok Pisin to Mufian. In Verhaar, S.J., John W.M. (ed.), Melanesian Pidgin and Tok Pisin. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pidgins and Creoles in Melanesia, 307-322. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. (cf. référence complète)
  • Craig Alan Volker. 2008. Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 360pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Davis, Donald R. 1974. Shall we translate word for word?. Notes on Translation 54. 2-8. (cf. référence complète)
  • Diačkov, M. V. and Leontiev, A. A. and Torsueva, E. I. 1981. Jazyk tok-Pisin (Neomelanezijskij) [Tok-Pisin Language (Neomelanesian)]. (Jazyki narodov Azii i Afriki.) Moscow: Izdatelstvo Nauka. 72pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Donald C. Laycock. 1970. Materials in New Guinea Pidgin (Coastal and Lowlands). (Pacific Linguistics: Series D, 5.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. xxxvii+62pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Dutton, Thomas Edward. 1973. Conversational New Guinea pidgin. (Pacific Linguistics: Series D, 12.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. xviii+292pp. (Bibliography: p. 291-292). (cf. référence complète)
  • Dutton, Tom E. and Thomas, Dicks. 1994. A new course in Tok Pisin (New Guinea Pidgin). (Pacific Linguistics : Series D, Special Publications, 67.) Canberra: Australian National University. xxviii+407pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Elpie Bajao and Thomas Dicks. 1991. Tok Pisin Grammar Workbook for English Speakers. Papua New Guinea: Peace Corps. 123pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Feldpausch, Becky. 2003. Almalu kali, Eyo kali, i Walowei luk kali : Namia, Tok Pisin, and English Dictionary. In Feldpausch, Becky (ed.) Repr. edn. Ukarumpa: SIL. (Revised fpr website (April 2006)). (cf. référence complète)
  • Francis Mihalic. 1957. Grammar and Dictionary of Neo-Melanesian. Techny, Illinois: The Mission Press. xxi+318pp. (Also cited as "Pidgin English (Neo-Melanesian) Dictionary and Grammar".) (cf. référence complète)
  • Francis Mihalic. 1971. The Jacaranda Dictionary and Grammar of Melanesian Pidgin. Queensland: The Jacaranda Press, Milton. xvi+375pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1974. Review of: Conversational New Guinea Pidgin, by T. E. Dutton, and of: Untangled New Guinea Pidgin: A course of study, by Wesley Sadler. Kivung 7. 56-63. Kivung 7: 56-63. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1974. Review of: Conversational New Guinea Pidgin, by T. E. Dutton. Kivung 7: 56-63. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1980. The particles 'i' and 'na' in Tok Pisin. Kivung 12. 134-44. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1986. SIL and Tok Pisin. Catalyst 16. 367-372. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1987. Review of: A new course in Tok Pisin (New Guinea Pidgin), by Tom Dutton in collaboration with Dicks Thomas. Australian Journal of Linguistics 7: 163-164. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1990. Cross-cultural advertising: Tok Pisin and English in Papua New Guinea. Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 21(1-2): 71-97. 71-97. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1990. On the translation of official notices into Tok Pisin. In Verhaar, S.J., John W.M. (ed.), Melanesian Pidgin and Tok Pisin. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pidgins and Creoles in Melanesia, 323-44. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1992. Traim Tasol: vocabulary testing in Tok Pisin. (Pacific Linguistics : Series D, Special Publications, 85.) Canberra: Australian National Univ. vii+73pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1993. Review of: Language, education and development: Urban and rural Tok Pisin; in Papua New Guinea, by Suzanne Romaine. Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 24. 120-22. Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 24: 120-22. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1998. Lexicography considerations for Tok Pisin. SIL Electronic Working Papers 1998-002. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. 1998. Review of: Towards a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: An experiment in corpus linguistics, by John W. M. Verhaar. Notes on Linguistics 83: 42-45. (cf. référence complète)
  • Franklin, Karl J. and Scorza, David P. 1989. An advanced course in Tok Pisin. (I.) (500). Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics. ix+158pp. (SBN 9980-0-0493-2). (cf. référence complète)
  • Fraser, Jill. 1977. A phonological analysis of Fitzroy Crossing children's pidgin. In Hudson, Joyce (ed.), Five papers in Australian phonologies, 45-204. Darwin: Summer Institute of Linguistics. (cf. référence complète)
  • Freyberg, Paul G. 1975. Bai yumi mekim wanem bilong helpim Tok Pisin?. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 28-35. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Friederici, Georg. 1911. Pidgin-Englisch in Deutsch-Neuguinea. Koloniale Rundschau 2. 92-106. (cf. référence complète)
  • Geoff P. Smith and Jeff Siegel. 2013. Tok Pisin. In Susanne Maria Michaelis and Philippe Maurer and Martin Haspelmath and Magnus Huber (eds.), English-based and Dutch-based Languages, 214-222. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (cf. référence complète)
  • Geoff Smith. 2004. Tok Pisin: morphology and syntax. In Kortmann, Bernd and Schneider, Edgar W. and Burridge, Kate and Mesthrie, Rajend and Upton, Clive (eds.), Morphology and Syntax, 720-741. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (cf. référence complète)
  • Goulden, Rick J. 1987. The Melanesian content in Tok Pisin. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto; xii+194pp.) (cf. référence complète)
  • Goulden, Rick J. 1990. The Melanesian content in Tok Pisin. (Pacific linguistics : Series B, Monographs, 104.) Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National Univ. xii+194pp. (Revision of the authors thesis (doctoral), 1987 Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-194)). (cf. référence complète)
  • Görlach, M. (ed.) 1986. Max na Moritz. Stori bilong tupela manki. Wilhelm Busch i bin raitim lonk tok Siaman, Don Laycock i bin tanim lonk tok Pisin. In Görlach, M. (ed.), Wilhelm Busch: Max and Moritz. In English dialects and creoles. (cf. référence complète)
  • Hans Nevermann. 1929. Das Melanesische Pidjin-Englisch. Englische Studien 63. 252-258. (cf. référence complète)
  • Healey, L. R. 1975. When is a word not a Pidgin word?. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we?: Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 36-42. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Hooley, Bruce A. 1962. Transformations in Neomelanesian. Oceania 33. 116-27. (cf. référence complète)
  • J. J. Murphy. 1943. The Book of Pidgin English. Brisbane: Smith and Paterson. 164pp. (1966 Rev Ed, 1973 New Rev Ed). (cf. référence complète)
  • J. J. Murphy. 1966. The Book of Pidgin English. 2nd edn. Brisbane: Smith and Paterson. 212pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Jenkins, Rebecca Sue. 2000. Language Contact and Composite Structures in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina; 315pp.) (cf. référence complète)
  • Jenkins, Rebecca Sue. 2005. Language contact and composite structures in New Ireland. (SIL International Publications in Language Use and Education, 4.) Dallas, Texas: SIL International. xxi+253pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Jernudd, Björn H. 1982. Subjective varieties of Pidgin in Papua New Guinea. Notes on Linguistics 24. 21-28. (cf. référence complète)
  • John W. M. Verhaar. 1995. Toward a Reference Grammar of Tok Pisin: An Experiment in Corpus Linguistics. (Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication, 26.) In John W. M. Verhaar (ed.) Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. xxiii+469pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Keesing, Roger M. 1988. Melanesian Pidgin and the Oceanic substrate. Stanford: Stanford University Press. viii+265pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Laycock, Donald C. 1982. Tok Pisin: A Melanesian solution to the problem of Melanesian linguistic diversity. In R. J. May and Hank Nelson (eds.), Melanesia: Beyond Diversity, 263-271. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. (cf. référence complète)
  • Linda Simons. 1983. A comparison of the pidgins of Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. In Papers in pidgin and creole linguistics No.~3, 121-137. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. (cf. référence complète)
  • Litteral, Robert L. 1969. A programmed course in New Guinea Pidgin (with accompanying tapes). Milton, Queensland: Jacaranda Press. xi+135pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Litteral, Robert L. 1975. A proposal for the use of Pidgin in Papua New Guinea's education system. In Kenneth L. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we?: Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 155-65. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Litteral, Robert L. and Franklin, Karl J. 1990. An introductory programmed course in Tok Pisin ;with accompanying tape by Stephen Thomas. (I.) (1000). rev. 181pp. (SBN 9980-0-0547-5). (cf. référence complète)
  • Lynch, John and Fa'afo, Pat (eds.) 1996. Oceanic Studies: proceedings of the First International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics. (Pacific Linguistics : Series C, Books, 133.) Canberra: Australian National University. x+499pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Magnus Kusoffsky. 2004. Beskrivning av Tok Pisin. Lund: Univ. (MA thesis, Lund University; ii+97pp.) (cf. référence complète)
  • McElhanon, Kenneth A. 1975. Appreciating the possibilities of Tok Pisin: Evangelism and the use of Tok Pisin idioms. Catalyst 5. 49-69. (cf. référence complète)
  • McElhanon, Kenneth A. 1975. Tok Pisin i go we?: Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973. (Kivung special publication, 1.) Kivung Special Publication. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. 242pp. (, 242 pp.) (cf. référence complète)
  • McElhanon, Kenneth A. 1978. On the origin of body image idioms in Tok Pisin. Kivung 11. 3-25. (cf. référence complète)
  • Mead, Margaret. 1975. On the crucial importance of Neo-Melanesian, also called Pidgin English. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 51-53. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Mihalic, F. 1975. Standardisation in Pidgin. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 54-58. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Mosel, Ulrike. 1980. Tolai and Tok Pisin. Canberra: The Australian National University. (cf. référence complète)
  • Mühlhäusler, Peter and Dutton, Thomas E. and Romaine, Suzanne. 2003. Tok Pisin Texts. From the beginning to the present. (Varieties of English Around the World, 9.) In Mühlhäusler, Peter and Dutton, Thomas E. and Romaine, Suzanne (eds.) Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 296pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1975. Reduplication and repetition in New Guinea Pidgin. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 198-214. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1979. Growth and structure of the lexicon of New Guinea Pidgin. (Pacific Linguistics: Series C, 52.) Canberra: Australian National University. xx+498pp. (Publication of Growth and structure of the lexicon of New Guinea Pidgin 1977 PhD ANU). (cf. référence complète)
  • Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1981. The development of the category of number in Tok Pisin. In Muysken, Pieter (ed.), Generative studies on creole languages, 35-84. Dordrecht: Foris. (cf. référence complète)
  • Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1984. Syntax of Tok Pisin. In S.A. Wurm and P. Mühlhäusler (eds.), Handbook of Tok Pisin (New Guinea Pidgin), 341-421. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies. (cf. référence complète)
  • Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1985. Inflectional morphology of Tok Pisin. In Wurm, Stephen A. and Mühlhäusler, Peter (eds.), Handbook of Tok Pisin, 335-340. Canberra: Australian National University Press. (cf. référence complète)
  • Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1994. The identification of the word classes in Tok Pisin. In Ger P. Reesink (ed.), Topics in descriptive Papuan linguistics, 136-54. Leiden: Vakgroep Talen en Culturen van Zuidoost-Azië en Oceanië, Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden. (cf. référence complète)
  • Nagai, Yasuko. 2006. Collaborative efforts for the futures of detainees. Read 41. 16-29. (cf. référence complète)
  • Neumann-Holzschuh, I. and Schneider, E.W. (eds.) 2000. The development of the life form lexicon in Tok Pisin. In Neumann-Holzschuh, I. and Schneider, E.W. (eds.), Degrees of restructuring in Creole languages. (cf. référence complète)
  • Noel, John C. 1975. Legitimacy of Pidgin in the development of Papua New Guinea toward nationhood. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the Univesity of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 76-84. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Pawley and Ross and Tryon (eds.) 2001. Tang bilong bulmakau long aspik: talking about food in Tok Pisin. In Pawley and Ross and Tryon (eds.), The boy from Bundaberg. Studies in Melanesian linguistics in honour of Tom Dutton. (cf. référence complète)
  • Pawley, Andrew. 1975. On epenthetic vowels in New Guinea Pidgin. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 215-28. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Pence, Alan R. 1975. Benefits of a unified Pidgin orthography for Papua New Guinea. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we?: Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 85-89. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Peter Mühlhäusler and Stephen A. Wurm and Tom E. Dutton. 1979. Language Planning and New Guinea Pidgin. In Stephen A. Wurm (ed.), New Guinea and neighboring areas: a sociolinguistic laboratory, 263-276. The Hague: Mouton. (cf. référence complète)
  • Peter Mühlhäusler. 1979. Code Switching in Papua New Guinea: Local Languages Versus New Guinea Pidgin, Hiri Motu and English. In Stephen A. Wurm (ed.), New Guinea and neighboring areas: a sociolinguistic laboratory, 157-175. The Hague: Mouton. (cf. référence complète)
  • Peter Mühlhäusler. 1979. Sociolects in New Guinea Pidgin. In Stephen A. Wurm (ed.), New Guinea and neighboring areas: a sociolinguistic laboratory, 225-242. The Hague: Mouton. (cf. référence complète)
  • Peter Mühlhäusler. 1987. History of Research into Tok Pisin 1900-1975. In Gilbert, Glenn G. (ed.), Pidgin and Creole languages: essays in memory of John E.~Reinecke, 177-209. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. (cf. référence complète)
  • Pike, Evelyn G. 1997. The grammatical structure of a New Guinea Pidgin procedural discourse. In Alan K. Melby (ed.), The twenty-third LACUS Forum, 341-49. Chapel Hill, NC: The Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States. (cf. référence complète)
  • Piniau, S. 1975. The Pidgin language and publications in Papua New Guinea. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 90-95. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Piniau, S. 1975. Tok Pisin-Wanpela tok i nap long karimapim yumi olgeta. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G, 18-21 September 1973, 96-101. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Piniau, S. 1975. Use of Pidgin for community development. In Kenneth A. McElhanon (ed.), Tok Pisin i go we? Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, P.N.G., 18-21 September 1973, 166-68. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. (cf. référence complète)
  • Plag, Ingo (ed.) 2003. The -pela suffix i nTok Pisin and the notion of ‘simplicity’ in pidgin and creole languages: What happens to morphology under contact?. In Plag, Ingo (ed.), Phonology and Morphology of Creole Languages. (cf. référence complète)
  • Reesink, Ger P. 1990. Mother tongue and Tok Pisin. In Verhaar, S.J., John W.M. (ed.), Melanesian Pidgin and Tok Pisin. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pidgins and Creoles in Melanesia, 289-306. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. (cf. référence complète)
  • Reesink, Gerard P. 1992. The Melanesian content in Tok Pisin, by Rick J. Goulden. Pacific Linguistics B-104 [review]. In David M. Snyder and John M. Clifton (eds.), Papers from 6ICAL on languages from Papua New Guinea, 212-13. Ukarumpa: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea and the Society of Pidgins and Creoles in Melanesia. (cf. référence complète)
  • Robert A. Hall. 1943. Melanesian Pidgin English: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary. (Special Publications of the Linguistic Society of America.) Baltimore, Maryland: Linguistic society of America at the Waverly press. (cf. référence complète)
  • Robert Lee Litteral. 1990. Tok Pisin: The language of modernization. (Melanesian Pidgin and Tok Pisin-Proceedings of the First International Conference of Pidgins and Creoles in Melanesia ) SLang 20. 375-85. Amsterdam: Benjamins. (cf. référence complète)
  • Romaine, Suzanne. 1992. The evolution of complexity in a creole language: Acquisition of relative clauses in Tok Pisin. Studies in Language 16. 139-82. (cf. référence complète)

Seules sont affichées les 100 premières référence. Pour une liste exhaustive sur Glottolog

Autres liens sur cette langue

Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog