Tibetan

Code ISO 639-3: bod

Classification: Sino-Tibetan > Bodic > Bodish > Early Old Tibetan > Middle Old Tibetan > Late Old Tibetan > Central Tibetan > Tibetan

Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)

Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Nicolas Tournadre and Sangda Dorje 2003)

Ressources dans l'entrepôt

Pays ou régions dans lesquelles l'entrepôt dispose d'enregistrements
Région Code Nombre
France FR 17
Rechercher toutes les ressources de l'entrepôt sur cette langue: Tibetan

Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS

  • Complex Sentences:'Want' Complement Subjects = "Subject is left implicit" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Lexicon:Finger and Hand = "Different" (réf. Bell 1965 )
  • Lexicon:Hand and Arm = "Identical" (réf. Bell 1965 )
  • Lexicon:M in First Person Singular = "No m in first person singular" (réf. Bell 1939, Denwood 1999 )
  • Lexicon:M in Second Person Singular = "No m in second person singular" (réf. Bell 1939, Denwood 1999 )
  • Lexicon:M-T Pronouns = "No M-T pronouns" (réf. Bell 1939, Denwood 1999 )
  • Lexicon:N-M Pronouns = "No N-M pronouns" (réf. Bell 1939, Denwood 1999 )
  • Lexicon:Tea = "Words derived from Sinitic cha" (réf. Malherbe and Rosenberg 1996 )
  • Morphology:Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Monoexponential case" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Morphology:Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection = "TAM+agreement" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Morphology:Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Exclusively concatenative" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Morphology:Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb = "4-5 categories per word" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases = "Dependent marking" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking in the Clause = "Dependent marking" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology = "Dependent-marking" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Strongly suffixing" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Morphology:Zero Marking of A and P Arguments = "Non-zero marking" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "Plural suffix" (réf. Sharma 1992 )
  • Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "Plural word" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Nominal Categories:Definite Articles = "Demonstrative word used as definite article" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "Marked by reduplication" (réf. Hannah 1912 )
  • Nominal Categories:Indefinite Articles = "Indefinite word same as 'one'" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Nominal Categories:Indefinite Pronouns = "Generic-noun-based"
  • Nominal Categories:Number of Genders = "None" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Nominal Categories:Occurrence of Nominal Plurality = "All nouns, always optional" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Nominal Categories:Occurrence of Nominal Plurality = "No nominal plural" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Nominal Categories:Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns = "Person stem + nominal plural affix" (réf. Rerix 1961 )
  • Nominal Categories:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns = "Binary politeness distinction" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "Postpositional clitics" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Nominal Categories:Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems = "No gender" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Nominal Categories:Systems of Gender Assignment = "No gender" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Nominal Categories:Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives = "Unrelated" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Nominal and Verbal Conjunction = "Identity"
  • Nominal Syntax:Number of Possessive Nouns = "None reported" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Obligatory Possessive Inflection = "Absent" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Possessive Classification = "No possessive classification" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Absence of Common Consonants = "All present" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Consonant Inventories = "Large" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Consonant-Vowel Ratio = "Average" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Fixed Stress Locations = "No fixed stress" (réf. Goldstein and Nornang 1978 )
  • Phonology:Front Rounded Vowels = "High and mid" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Glottalized Consonants = "No glottalized consonants" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Lateral Consonants = "/l/, no obstruent laterals" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Presence of Uncommon Consonants = "None" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Syllable Structure = "Moderately complex" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:The Velar Nasal = "Initial velar nasal" (réf. Sharma 1989b )
  • Phonology:Tone = "Simple tone system" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Uvular Consonants = "None" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems = "None missing in /p t k b d g/" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives = "In plosives alone" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Vowel Quality Inventories = "Large (7-14)" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Phonology:Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems = "Long vowel" (réf. Goldstein and Nornang 1978 )
  • Phonology:Weight-Sensitive Stress = "Unbounded: Stress can be anywhere" (réf. Goldstein and Nornang 1978 )
  • Simple Clauses:Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' = "Indirect-object construction" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Simple Clauses:Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' = "Indirect-object construction" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative affix" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative affix" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative affix" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative particle" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Simple Clauses:Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions = "Neither" (réf. Goldstein and Nornang 1970, Denwood 1999 )
  • Simple Clauses:Periphrastic Causative Constructions = "Purposive but no sequential" (réf. Goldstein and Nornang 1970, Denwood 1999 )
  • Simple Clauses:Polar Questions = "Question particle" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Simple Clauses:Polar Questions = "Interrogative verb morphology" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Simple Clauses:Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation = "A/Cat" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Simple Clauses:Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Both" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "Tense-aspect suffixes" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Internally-headed relative clauses = "Internally-headed or RelN" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Multiple Negative Constructions in SOV Languages = "SOV & NegV/VNeg" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:NegSOV Order = "No NegSOV" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:NegSOV Order = "No NegSOV" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Adjective-Noun" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "No dominant order" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. Herrmann 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. Sharma 1989c )
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. Sharma 1992 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Postpositions" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Final subordinator word" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Mixed" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Degree word-Adjective" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Adjective-Degree word" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Adjective-Degree word" (réf. Sharma 1989c )
  • Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Degree word-Adjective" (réf. Sharma 1992 )
  • Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Mixed" (réf. Herrmann 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Noun-Demonstrative" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Noun-Demonstrative" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Demonstrative-Noun" (réf. Sharma 1992 )
  • Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Noun-Demonstrative" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Genitive-Noun" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Genitive-Noun" (réf. Herrmann 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Genitive-Noun" (réf. Denwood 1999 )
  • Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Genitive-Noun" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "NegV" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "[Neg-V]" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "[Neg-V]" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "[Neg-V]" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "Type 1 / Type 2" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Numeral-Noun" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Noun-Numeral" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Noun-Numeral" (réf. Sharma 1992 )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Noun-Numeral" (réf. Herrmann 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Noun-Numeral" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Noun-Numeral" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Noun-Numeral" (réf. Sharma 1989c )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Noun-Numeral" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Herrmann 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Denwood 1999, De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Sharma 1989c )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Sharma 1992 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Mixed" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Mixed" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Relative clause-Noun" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Relative clause-Noun" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Herrmann 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Denwood 1999, De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Sharma 1989c )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Sharma 1992 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SOV" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SOV" (réf. Herrmann 1989 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SOV" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SOV" (réf. Denwood 1999, De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SOV" (réf. Sharma 1989c )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SOV" (réf. Sharma 1992 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SOV" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Not initial interrogative phrase" (réf. Sharma 1992 )
  • Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Not initial interrogative phrase" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "Other" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "MorphNeg" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "MorphNeg" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "MorphNeg" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "More than one position" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Position of Polar Question Particles = "Final" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Position of Polar Question Particles = "No question particle" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Postnominal relative clauses = "NRel or RelN" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "VNeg" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Prenominal relative clauses = "RelN or internally-headed" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Prenominal relative clauses = "RelN or NRel" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Prenominal relative clauses = "Relative clause-Noun (RelN) dominant" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Prenominal relative clauses = "Relative clause-Noun (RelN) dominant" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "NegV" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "[Neg-V]" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "[Neg-V]" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "[Neg-V]" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "NegV" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and AdjN"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "Other"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and NAdj"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and NAdj"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and NAdj"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and NAdj"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and NAdj"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and NAdj"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "OV and Postpositions"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Other"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Other"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "OV and RelN"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "OV and RelN"
  • Word Order:SNegOV Order = "No SNegOV" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:SNegOV Order = "No SNegOV" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:SONegV Order = "Prefix&NoDoubleNeg" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:SONegV Order = "Prefix&NoDoubleNeg" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:SOVNeg Order = "NoSOVNeg" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:SOVNeg Order = "NoSOVNeg" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:SOVNeg Order = "NoSOVNeg" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:SOVNeg Order = "Word&NoDoubleNeg" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )
  • Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages = "Other NegV" (réf. Zoller 1983 )
  • Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages = "SV&OV&[Neg-V]" (réf. Haller 2000 )
  • Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages = "SO[Neg-V]" (réf. Kretschmar 1986 )
  • Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages = "SO[Neg-V]" (réf. De Lancey 2003 )
  • Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages = "More than one construction" (réf. Goldstein 1991 )

Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_rpa

Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE

  • Dingri Tibetan (ea 2421) (41 segments)
    a , aː , c , cʰ , eː , h , iː , j , k , kʰ , l , l̥ , m , m̥ , n , oː , p , pʰ , r , s , ts , tsʰ , tɕ , tɕʰ , t̪ , t̪ʰ , uː , w , yː , æ , øː , ŋ , ɔ , ɕ , ə , ɛː , ɪ , ɲ , ʈ , ʈʰ , ʊ
  • Drokpa Tibetan (ea 2411) (42 segments)
    a , aː , c , cʰ , eː , h , iː , j , k , kʰ , l , l̥ , m , m̥ , n̪ , oː , p , pʰ , r , r̥ , s , ts , tsʰ , tɕ , tɕʰ , t̪ , t̪ʰ , uː , w , yː , øː , ŋ , ɔ , ɕ , ə , ɛː , ɪ , ɲ , ʈ , ʈʰ , ʊ , ʔ
  • Lhasa Tibetan (ea 2380) (50 segments)
    a , aː , ãː , e , eː , ẽː , h , i , iː , ĩː , j , k , kʰ , kʲ , kʲʰ , l , l̥ , m , n , o , oː , õː , p , pʰ , s , t , ts , tsʰ , tɕ , tɕʰ , tʰ , u , uː , ũː , w , y , ỹː , ø , ø̃ː , ŋ , ɔ , ɔː , ɛ , ɛ̃ː , ɲ , ɹ , ɹ̥ , ʂ , ʈ , ʈʰ
  • Shigatse Tibetan (ea 2558) (56 segments)
    a , aː , ã , ãː , c , cʰ , e , ea , eː , ẽ , ẽː , h , i , ie , iː , ĩ , ĩẽ , ĩː , j , k , kʰ , l , m , n , oa , õã , p , pʰ , s , t , ts , tsʰ , tɕ , tɕʰ , tʰ , w , yː , ỹː , ŋ , œː , œ̃ː , ɔ , ɔː , ɔ̃ , ɔ̃ː , ɕ , ɬ , ɲ , ɹ , ʂ , ʈʂ , ʈʂʰ , ʊ , ʊː , ʊ̃ , ʊ̃ː
  • Tibetan (ph 1067) (34 segments)
    a , e , h , i , j , k , kʰ , l̥ , l̪ , m , n̪ , o , p , pʰ , r̪ , s̪ , tɕ , tɕʰ , t̪ , t̪s̪ , t̪s̪ʰ , t̪ʰ , u , w , y , ø , ŋ , ɕ , ɛ , ʈ , ʈʰ , ʔ , ˦ , ˨˦

Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog

  • Agha, Asif. 1993. Structural form and utterance context in Lhasa Tibetan: grammar and indexicality in a non-configurational language. (Monographs in linguistics and the philosophy of language, 2.) New York: Lang. xi+269pp. (Originally presented as the author's thesis (Doctoral-Chicago) Includes bibliographical references (p. [259]-269)). (cf. référence complète)
  • B. V. Semičov and Yu. M. Parfionovič and B. D. Dandaron. 1963. Kratkij Tibetsko-Russkij Slovar'. Moskva: NAUKA. 585pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bartee, Ellen Lynn. 1996. Deixis and spatiotemporal relations in Lhasa Tibetan. Ann Arbor: UMI. (file-name on CD-ROM: 1379986, University of Texas at Arlington; xv+182pp.) (cf. référence complète)
  • Bartee, Ellen and Droma, Nyima. 1998. Beginning Lhasa Tibetan textbook. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics. 258pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bell, Charles A. 1939. Grammar of colloquial Tibetan. Alipore: Government of Bengal Press. 184pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bell, Charles A. 1965. English–Tibetan colloquial dictionary. Alipore: West Bengal Government Press. xxvi, 562pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bell, Charles Alfred. 1919. Grammar of colloquial Tibetan. 2nd edn. London: Curzon. 220pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bell, Charles Alfred. 1996. Grammar of colloquial Tibetan. 2nd edn. London: Curzon. 184pp. (Originally published: 1905. "Although there was a map in the original). (cf. référence complète)
  • Bell, Charles Alfred. 1998. English Tibetan colloquial dictionary. 2nd edn. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. xxvi+562pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Bosson, James E. 1997. A treasury of aphoristic jewels: the Subhasitaratnanidhi of Sa Skya Pandita in Tibetan and Mongolian. (Indiana University Publications : Uralic and Altaic Series, 92.) Bloomington, 1969, repr. edn. Richmond: Curzon. 397pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Brush, Beaumont. 1997. The status of Coronal in the historical development of Lhasa Tibetan rhymes. SIL Electronic Working Papers 1997-001. (cf. référence complète)
  • Csoma de Kőrös, Alexander. 1834. Grammar of the Tibetan language. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press. 273pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Das, Sarat Chandra. 2004. A Tibetan - English dictionary. compact ed. ; repr. edn. Delhi: Winsome Books India. xxxiv+1353pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • DeLancey, Scott. 1966. Ralativization as nominalization in Tibetan and Newari. X. (unpublished). (cf. référence complète)
  • Denlinger, Paul B. 1981. Tibetan and Mon-Khmer: a short communication. In Gonzales, Andrew and Thomas, David D. (eds.), Linguistics across continents: studies in honor of Richard S. Pittman, 145-6. Manila: Summer Institute of Linguistics and Linguistic Society of the Philippines. (cf. référence complète)
  • Denwood, Philip. 1999. Tibetan. (London Oriental and African Language Library, 3.) Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Amsterdam: Benjamins. xviii+372pp. (cf. référence complète)
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