COCOON: Informations linguistiques sur la langue German

German

Code ISO 639-3: deu

Classification: Indo-European > Classical Indo-European > Germanic > Northwest Germanic > West Germanic > High German > Upper German > Middle-Modern High German > Modern High German > Upper Franconian > Global German > German

Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)

Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Zifonun, Gisela and Hoffmann, Ludger and Strecker, Bruno and Joachim Ballweg 1997)

Ressources dans l'entrepôt

Pays ou régions dans lesquelles l'entrepôt dispose d'enregistrements
Région	Code	Nombre
Austria	AT	12
Germany	DE	11
France	FR	5
Italy	IT	62

Rechercher toutes les ressources de l'entrepôt sur cette langue: German

Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS

Complex Sentences:'Want' Complement Subjects = "Subject is left implicit"
Complex Sentences:'When' Clauses = "Balanced/deranked"
Complex Sentences:Purpose Clauses = "Balanced/deranked"
Complex Sentences:Reason Clauses = "Balanced"
Complex Sentences:Relativization on Obliques = "Relative pronoun"
Complex Sentences:Relativization on Subjects = "Relative pronoun"
Lexicon:Finger and Hand = "Different" (réf. Breul 1906 )
Lexicon:Green and Blue = "Green vs. blue"
Lexicon:Hand and Arm = "Different" (réf. Breul 1906 )
Lexicon:M in First Person Singular = "m in first person singular"
Lexicon:M in Second Person Singular = "No m in second person singular"
Lexicon:M-T Pronouns = "M-T pronouns, paradigmatic"
Lexicon:N-M Pronouns = "No N-M pronouns"
Lexicon:Number of Basic Colour Categories = "11"
Lexicon:Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories = "6"
Lexicon:Numeral Bases = "Decimal"
Lexicon:Red and Yellow = "Red vs. yellow"
Lexicon:Tea = "Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te"
Morphology:Case Syncretism = "Core and non-core"
Morphology:Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Case + number"
Morphology:Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection = "monoexponential TAM"
Morphology:Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Exclusively concatenative"
Morphology:Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb = "2-3 categories per word"
Morphology:Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases = "Dependent marking"
Morphology:Locus of Marking in the Clause = "Dependent marking"
Morphology:Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology = "Dependent-marking"
Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Strongly suffixing" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Morphology:Reduplication = "No productive reduplication" (réf. Borgert and Nyhan 1975 )
Morphology:Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking = "Syncretic"
Morphology:Zero Marking of A and P Arguments = "Non-zero marking"
Nominal Categories:Asymmetrical Case-Marking = "Syncretism in relevant NP-types" (réf. Duden 1998 )
Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "Plural suffix" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Nominal Categories:Comitatives and Instrumentals = "Identity"
Nominal Categories:Definite Articles = "Definite word distinct from demonstrative" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Nominal Categories:Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives = "No distance contrast"
Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "No distributive numerals"
Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "Marked by preceding word"
Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "No distributive numerals"
Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "No distributive numerals"
Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "No distributive numerals"
Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "Marked by preceding word"
Nominal Categories:Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns = "3rd person singular only" (réf. Borgert and Nyhan 1975 )
Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns = "No inclusive/exclusive"
Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection = "No inclusive/exclusive"
Nominal Categories:Indefinite Articles = "Indefinite word same as 'one'" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Nominal Categories:Indefinite Pronouns = "Mixed"
Nominal Categories:Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns = "Differentiated"
Nominal Categories:Number of Cases = "4 cases" (réf. Duden 1998 )
Nominal Categories:Number of Genders = "Three"
Nominal Categories:Numeral Classifiers = "Absent"
Nominal Categories:Occurrence of Nominal Plurality = "All nouns, always obligatory"
Nominal Categories:Ordinal Numerals = "First, two-th, three-th"
Nominal Categories:Person Marking on Adpositions = "No person marking" (réf. Borgert and Nyhan 1975 )
Nominal Categories:Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns = "Person-number stem"
Nominal Categories:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns = "Binary politeness distinction"
Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "Case suffixes" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Nominal Categories:Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes = "No possessive affixes" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Nominal Categories:Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives = "Identical"
Nominal Categories:Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems = "Sex-based"
Nominal Categories:Systems of Gender Assignment = "Semantic and formal"
Nominal Categories:The Associative Plural = "Unique periphrastic associative plural"
Nominal Categories:Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives = "Related by gender markers" (réf. Curme 1922 )
Nominal Syntax:Action Nominal Constructions = "Ergative-Possessive" (réf. Esau 1973 )
Nominal Syntax:Nominal and Verbal Conjunction = "Identity"
Nominal Syntax:Number of Possessive Nouns = "None reported"
Nominal Syntax:Obligatory Possessive Inflection = "Absent"
Nominal Syntax:Possessive Classification = "No possessive classification"
Other:Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks = "Affective meanings"
Phonology:Absence of Common Consonants = "All present" (réf. Kohler 1999, Moulton 1962, Wangler 1972 )
Phonology:Consonant Inventories = "Average" (réf. Kohler 1999, Moulton 1962, Wangler 1972 )
Phonology:Consonant-Vowel Ratio = "Low" (réf. Kohler 1999, Wangler 1972, Moulton 1962 )
Phonology:Fixed Stress Locations = "No fixed stress" (réf. Jessen 1999 )
Phonology:Front Rounded Vowels = "High and mid" (réf. Kohler 1999, Wangler 1972, Moulton 1962 )
Phonology:Glottalized Consonants = "No glottalized consonants" (réf. Moulton 1962, Wangler 1972, Kohler 1999 )
Phonology:Lateral Consonants = "/l/, no obstruent laterals" (réf. Wangler 1972, Moulton 1962, Kohler 1999 )
Phonology:Presence of Uncommon Consonants = "None" (réf. Kohler 1999, Moulton 1962, Wangler 1972 )
Phonology:Rhythm Types = "Trochaic" (réf. Jessen 1999 )
Phonology:Syllable Structure = "Complex" (réf. Wangler 1972, Kohler 1999, Moulton 1962 )
Phonology:The Velar Nasal = "No initial velar nasal"
Phonology:Tone = "No tones" (réf. Kohler 1999, Moulton 1962, Wangler 1972 )
Phonology:Uvular Consonants = "Uvular continuants only" (réf. Wangler 1972, Moulton 1962, Kohler 1999 )
Phonology:Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems = "None missing in /p t k b d g/" (réf. Wangler 1972, Moulton 1962, Kohler 1999 )
Phonology:Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives = "In both plosives and fricatives" (réf. Kohler 1999, Wangler 1972, Moulton 1962 )
Phonology:Vowel Nasalization = "Contrast absent" (réf. Moulton 1962, Kohler 1999 )
Phonology:Vowel Quality Inventories = "Large (7-14)" (réf. Kohler 1999, Wangler 1972, Moulton 1962 )
Phonology:Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems = "Coda consonant" (réf. Jessen 1999 )
Phonology:Weight-Sensitive Stress = "Right-oriented: One of the last three" (réf. Jessen 1999 )
Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases = "Nominative - accusative (standard)"
Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns = "Nominative - accusative (standard)"
Simple Clauses:Alignment of Verbal Person Marking = "Accusative" (réf. Borgert and Nyhan 1975 )
Simple Clauses:Antipassive Constructions = "No antipassive"
Simple Clauses:Applicative Constructions = "No applicative construction"
Simple Clauses:Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' = "Indirect-object construction"
Simple Clauses:Expression of Pronominal Subjects = "Obligatory pronouns in subject position" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Simple Clauses:Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation = "No predicate negation"
Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative particle" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Simple Clauses:Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions = "Morphological but no compound" (réf. Harbert 1977, Durrell 1992 )
Simple Clauses:Order of Person Markers on the Verb = "A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb" (réf. Borgert and Nyhan 1975 )
Simple Clauses:Other Roles of Applied Objects = "No applicative construction"
Simple Clauses:Passive Constructions = "Present" (réf. Borgert and Nyhan 1975 )
Simple Clauses:Periphrastic Causative Constructions = "Sequential but no purposive" (réf. Harbert 1977, Durrell 1992 )
Simple Clauses:Polar Questions = "Interrogative word order" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Simple Clauses:Productivity of the Antipassive Construction = "no antipassive"
Simple Clauses:Reciprocal Constructions = "Mixed" (réf. Wiemer and Nedjalkov 2007 )
Simple Clauses:Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Non-assignable"
Simple Clauses:Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Symmetric"
Simple Clauses:Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking = "No zero realization" (réf. Borgert and Nyhan 1975 )
Simple Clauses:Verbal Person Marking = "Only the A argument" (réf. Borgert and Nyhan 1975 )
Verbal Categories:Coding of Evidentiality = "Modal morpheme" (réf. Palmer 1986 )
Verbal Categories:Epistemic Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Zifonun et al. 1997 )
Verbal Categories:Imperative-Hortative Systems = "Neither type of system"
Verbal Categories:Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking = "Overlap for both possibility and necessity" (réf. Zifonun et al. 1997 )
Verbal Categories:Perfective/Imperfective Aspect = "No grammatical marking" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "Tense-aspect suffixes" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Verbal Categories:Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality = "Indirect only" (réf. Palmer 1986 )
Verbal Categories:Situational Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Zifonun et al. 1997 )
Verbal Categories:Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect = "Tense" (réf. Lide and Magnusson 1970 )
Verbal Categories:Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives = "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)"
Verbal Categories:The Future Tense = "No inflectional future" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:The Morphological Imperative = "Second singular"
Verbal Categories:The Optative = "Inflectional optative absent"
Verbal Categories:The Past Tense = "Present, no remoteness distinctions" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:The Perfect = "From possessive" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:The Prohibitive = "Normal imperative + normal negative"
Verbal Categories:Verbal Number and Suppletion = "None" (réf. Lide and Magnusson 1970 )
Word Order:Languages with two Dominant Orders of Subject, Object, and Verb = "SOV or SVO" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Multiple Negative Constructions in SOV Languages = "SONegV/SVONeg" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Multiple Negative Constructions in SVO Languages = "SVONeg/SONegV" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:NegSOV Order = "No NegSOV" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:NegSVO Order = "No NegSVO" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Adjective-Noun" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Prepositions" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Initial subordinator word" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Degree word-Adjective" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Demonstrative-Noun" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Noun-Genitive" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "Type 1 / Type 2" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Numeral-Noun" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "No dominant order" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb = "No dominant order" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Noun-Relative clause" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "No dominant order" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Initial interrogative phrase" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "More than one position" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Position of Polar Question Particles = "No question particle" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb = "End, not immed postverbal" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Postnominal relative clauses = "Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "VNeg" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "NegV" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "Other"
Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Other"
Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Other"
Word Order:SNegOV Order = "No SNegOV" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:SNegVO Order = "No SNegVO" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:SONegV Order = "Word&NoDoubleNeg" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:SOVNeg Order = "NoSOVNeg" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:SVNegO Order = "No SVNegO" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:SVONeg Order = "NoDoubleNeg" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages = "More than one construction" (réf. Lederer 1969 )
Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages = "More than one construction" (réf. Lederer 1969 )

Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_ger

Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE

GERMAN (upsid 304) (41 segments)
ai , au , aː , b , d , eː , f , h , iː , j , k , l , m , n , oː , p , pf , s , t , ts , uː , v , x , yː , z , øː , ŋ , œ , ɐ , ɔ , ɔi , ə , ɛ , ɛː , ɡ , ɪ , ʀ , ʃ , ʊ , ʏ , ʒ
German (ea 2398) (40 segments)
a , aː , b , d̠ʒ , d̺ , eː , f , h , iː , j , kʰ , l , m , n , oː , pf , pʰ , s , ts , t̠ʃ , t̺ʰ , uː , v , yː , z , ç , øː , ŋ , œ , ɔ , ə , ɛ , ɛː , ɡ , ɪ , ʀ , ʃ , ʊ , ʏ , ʒ
German (spa 161) (39 segments)
aː , b , d , eː , f , h , iː , j , kʰ , l , m , n , oː , pf , pʰ , s , ts , tʰ , uː , v , x , yː , z , øː , ŋ , œ , ɐ , ɔ , ə , ɛ , ɛː , ɡ , ɪ , ʀ , ʃ , ʊ , ʏ , ʒ , ʔ
German (uz 2184) (40 segments)
a , aɪ , aʊ , aː , b , d , e , f , h , iː , j , kʰ , l , m , n , oː , pʰ , s , tʰ , uː , v , x , y , z , øː , ŋ , œ , ɔ , ɔɪ , ə , ɛ , ɛː , ɡ , ɪ , ʁ , ʃ , ʊ , ʏː , ʒ , ʔ

Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog

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Autres liens sur cette langue

Wikipedia: http://wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639:deu
OLAC: http://www.language-archives.org/language/deu
Glottolog: http://glottolog.org/glottolog?iso=deu
iso639: http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=deu
Lexvo: http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/deu

Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog