Limbu

Code ISO 639-3: lif

Classification: Sino-Tibetan > Himalayish > Mahakiranti > Kiranti > Limbu

Indice de vitalité: shifting (AES level: 3) (réf. Campbell, Lyle and Lee, Nala Huiying and Okura, Eve and Simpson, Sean and Ueki, Kaori 2022)

Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. George van Driem 1987)

Ressources dans l'entrepôt

Pays ou régions dans lesquelles l'entrepôt dispose d'enregistrements
Région Code Nombre
Nepal NP 11
Rechercher toutes les ressources de l'entrepôt sur cette langue: Limbu

Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS

  • Complex Sentences:'When' Clauses = "Balanced/deranked" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Complex Sentences:Purpose Clauses = "Deranked" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Complex Sentences:Reason Clauses = "Balanced/deranked" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Complex Sentences:Utterance Complement Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Strongly suffixing" (réf. van Driem 1987, Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "No plural" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Nominal Categories:Comitatives and Instrumentals = "Differentiation" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Categories:Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives = "Two-way contrast" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Categories:Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns = "No gender distinctions" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Categories:Indefinite Articles = "Indefinite affix" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Categories:Numeral Classifiers = "Absent" (réf. Noonan 2003c )
  • Nominal Categories:Ordinal Numerals = "None" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Categories:Person Marking on Adpositions = "No person marking" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Categories:Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns = "Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Categories:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns = "No politeness distinction" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "Case suffixes" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Nominal Categories:Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives = "Different inflection" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Categories:The Associative Plural = "Associative same as additive plural" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Categories:Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives = "Related to remote demonstratives" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Noun Phrase Conjunction = "'And' identical to 'with'" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Number of Possessive Nouns = "None reported" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Obligatory Possessive Inflection = "Exists" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Possessive Classification = "Three to five classes" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Phonology:The Velar Nasal = "Initial velar nasal" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Simple Clauses:Alignment of Verbal Person Marking = "Hierarchical" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Simple Clauses:Comparative Constructions = "Locational" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Simple Clauses:Expression of Pronominal Subjects = "Subject affixes on verb" (réf. van Driem 1987, Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Double negation" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Simple Clauses:Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions = "Morphological but no compound" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Simple Clauses:Order of Person Markers on the Verb = "Both orders of A and P occur" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Simple Clauses:Passive Constructions = "Present" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Simple Clauses:Periphrastic Causative Constructions = "Purposive but no sequential" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Simple Clauses:Predicative Possession = "Genitive" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Simple Clauses:Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking = "Zero in all 3rd person forms" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Simple Clauses:Verbal Person Marking = "Both the A and P arguments" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Verbal Categories:Coding of Evidentiality = "Separate particle" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "Tense-aspect suffixes" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Verbal Categories:Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality = "Indirect only" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Morphological Imperative = "Second singular and second plural" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Optative = "Inflectional optative present" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Prohibitive = "Normal imperative + special negative" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Obligatory Double Negation = "[Neg-V-Neg]" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Obligatory Double Negation in SOV languages = "SV & OV & [Neg-V-Neg]" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Adjective-Noun" (réf. van Driem 1987, Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Subordinating suffix" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Degree word-Adjective" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Demonstrative-Noun" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Genitive-Noun" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "ObligDoubleNeg" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Numeral-Noun" (réf. van Driem 1987 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Relative clause-Noun" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Not initial interrogative phrase" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "ObligDoubleNeg" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "[V-Neg]" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Prenominal relative clauses = "Relative clause-Noun (RelN) dominant" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "[Neg-V]" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and AdjN"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "OV and RelN"
  • Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages = "ObligDoubleNeg" (réf. Weidert and Subba 1985 )

Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_lim

Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog

  • A. Campbell. 1840. Note on the Limboos, and other hill tribes hitherto undescribed. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9. 595-615. (cf. référence complète)
  • Alfons Weidert and B. Subba. 1985. Concise Limbu Grammar and Dictionary. Amsterdam: Lobster. 425pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Beames, John. 1867. Outlines of Indian Philology, with a map showing the distribution of Indian languages. Calcutta: Wyman Bros. 81pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Boyd Michailovsky. 2002. Limbu-English Dictionary of the Mewa Khola dialect with English-Limbu index. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point. 170pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Campbell, George. 1874. Specimens of the languages of India, including those of the aboriginal tribes of Bengal, the central provinces and the eastern frontier. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press. 314pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Caughley, Ross C. 1996. Review of: The structure of Kiranti languages: comparative grammar and texts, by Karen Ebert. Journal of Nepalese Studies 1(2): 243-246. (cf. référence complète)
  • Chemjong, Imam Singh. 1962. Limbu-Nepali-English dictionary. Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy. 58, 376pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Dalton, Edward Tuite. 1872. Descriptive ethnology of Bengal. Calcutta: Calcutta, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. vi+340pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Driem, Georg van. 1993. Einige Bemerkungen zum Aspekt im Limbu. Linguistische Berichte 148. 483-489. (cf. référence complète)
  • Fitzpatrick, Ian C. 2010. Cardamom, class and change in a Limbu village in east Nepal. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford; xiv+421pp.) (cf. référence complète)
  • George A. Grierson. 1909. Tibeto-Burman Family: General Introduction, Specimens of the Tibetan Dialects, the Himalayan Dialects, and the North Assam group. (Linguistic Survey of India, III(I).) Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 669pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • George van Driem. 1987. A Grammar of Limbu. (Mouton Grammar Library, 4.) Berlin, New York: Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. xxviii+565pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Govinda Bahadur Tumbahang. 2007. A descriptive grammar of Chhatthare Limbu. Kirtipur, Kathmandu: Social Inclusion Research Fund/SNV Nepal. 375pp. (Also cited as Tumbahang, Govinda Bahadur 2007 A descriptive grammar of Chhatthare Limbu. Ph. D. dissertation, Tribhuvan University). (cf. référence complète)
  • Govinda Bahadur Tumbahang. 2017. A grammar of Chhatthare Limbu. (Languages of the World/Materials, 507.) München: LINCOM. 244pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Grierson, George A. 1995. Limbu. In Grierson, George A. (ed.), Languages of North-Eastern India. A survey. Vol. 1, 241-266. (cf. référence complète)
  • Hanneman, Charles B. and Hale, Austin. 1972. On the form of verbal bases in Limbu. [Manuscript] 9 p. (cf. référence complète)
  • Hildebrandt, Kristine A. 1966. Phonological hierarchies in Limbu. X. (unpublished). (cf. référence complète)
  • Hildebrandt, Kristine A. 2004. Prosodic and Grammatical Domains in Limbu. Syllable, Foot and Word in Limbu. (cf. référence complète)
  • Hildebrandt, Kristine A. n.d. Onset Syllabification in Limbu and Positional Faithfulness. (unpublished). (cf. référence complète)
  • Ju Namkung. 1996. Phonological Inventories of Tibeto-Burman Languages. (STEDT Monograph Series, 3.) In Ju Namkung (ed.) Berkeley: Center for Southeast Asia Studies. xxvii+507pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Latham, Robert Gordon. 1862. Elements of comparative philology. London: Walton and Maberly. 820pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Michailovsky, Boyd. 1996. On the phonology of Limbu r- and l-. (unpublished). (cf. référence complète)
  • Michailovsky, Boyd. 1999. Tibeto-Burman dental suffixes: evidence from Limbu (Nepal). In Yadava, Yogendra P. and Glover, Warren W. (eds.), Topics in Nepalese Linguistics. Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy. (cf. référence complète)
  • Michailovsky, Boyd. 2000. Limbu nous autres and first person morphology. LTBA 24. 113-144. (cf. référence complète)
  • Michailovsky, Boyd. 2000. Notes on Brian Hodgson’s Limbu paradigms (1857). LTBA 24. 157-161. (cf. référence complète)
  • Michailovsky, Boyd. 2002. Pronominally marked noun determiners in Limbu. (unpublished). (cf. référence complète)
  • Nishi, Yoshio. 1993. Rinbu-go Ei [Limbu]. In Takashi Kamei and Rokurō Kōno and Eiichi Chino (eds.), Gengogaku daijiten [The Sanseido encyclopaedia of linguistics], 418-447. Tōkyō: Sanseidō. (cf. référence complète)
  • P. Perumalsamy. 2009. Limbu. In Sikkim: Part-I, 204-279. Kolkata, India: Language Division Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner. (cf. référence complète)
  • Senior, H. W. R. 1977. A vocabulary of the Limbu language of eastern Nepal. (Bibliotheca Himalayica, 2,13.) Repr. of the 1908 ed. edn. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar. 86pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Sprigg, R.K. 1985. The Limbu s-final and t-final verb roots after Michailovsky 1979 and Weidert 1982. LTBA 8. 1-35. (cf. référence complète)
  • Tumbahang, Govinda Bahadur. 2011. A Grammar of Limbu. Kirtipur: Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies. 360pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • Tumbahang, Mohan Kumar. 2018. A linguistic study of Limbu Mundhum. (Doctoral dissertation, Kathmandu: Tribhuvan University). (cf. référence complète)
  • Webster, Jeff. 1999. The Language Development - Language Promotion Tension: A Case Study from Limbu. In Yogendra P. Yadava and Warren W. Glover (eds.), Topics in Nepalese Linguistics, 556-65. Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy. (cf. référence complète)
  • Webster, Jeffrey D. 2000. Guidelines for script standardization. Journal of Limbu Literature and Culture 6. 33-36. (cf. référence complète)
  • Webster, Jeffrey D. 2001. A sociolinguistic study of Limbu. Journal of Nepalese Literature, Art and Culture 4. 51-84. (cf. référence complète)
  • Yadava, Yogendra P. and Glover, Warren W. (eds.) 1999. The language development - language promotion tension: a case study from Limbu. In Yadava, Yogendra P. and Glover, Warren W. (eds.), Topics in Nepalese Linguistics. Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy. (cf. référence complète)
  • Yadava, Yogendra P. and Glover, Warren W. 1999. Topics in Nepalese Linguistics. In Yadava, Yogendra P. and Warren W. Glover (eds.) Kamaladi, Kathmandu: Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy. xviii+603pp. (cf. référence complète)
  • van Driem, George. 1999. The Limbu verb revisited. In Yadava, Yogendra P. and Glover, Warren W. (eds.), Topics in Nepalese Linguistics, 209-230. Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy. (cf. référence complète)

Seules sont affichées les 100 premières référence. Pour une liste exhaustive sur Glottolog

Autres liens sur cette langue

Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog