Iranian Persian
Code ISO 639-3: pes
Classification: Indo-European > Classical Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Southwestern Iranian > Middle-Modern Persian > Modern Southwestern Iranian > Farsic-Caucasian Tat > Farsic > Western Farsi
Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)
Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Phillott, Douglas Craven 1919)
Ressources dans l'entrepôt
Région | Code | Nombre | |
---|---|---|---|
France | FR | 1 |
Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS
- Complex Sentences:'Want' Complement Subjects = "Subject is expressed overtly" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Complex Sentences:'When' Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Complex Sentences:Purpose Clauses = "Deranked" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Complex Sentences:Reason Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Complex Sentences:Relativization on Obliques = "Pronoun-retention" (réf. Comrie 1981b )
- Complex Sentences:Relativization on Subjects = "Gap" (réf. Comrie 1981b )
- Complex Sentences:Utterance Complement Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Lexicon:M in First Person Singular = "m in first person singular" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Lexicon:M in Second Person Singular = "No m in second person singular" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Lexicon:M-T Pronouns = "M-T pronouns, paradigmatic" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Lexicon:N-M Pronouns = "No N-M pronouns" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Lexicon:Numeral Bases = "Decimal" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Lexicon:Tea = "Words derived from Sinitic cha" (réf. Malherbe and Rosenberg 1996 )
- Morphology:Case Syncretism = "No case marking" (réf. Rubinchik 1960 )
- Morphology:Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Monoexponential case" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964, Lazard 1957a, Lambton 1974, Majidi 1986, Mahootian 1997 )
- Morphology:Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection = "monoexponential TAM" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964, Lazard 1957a, Majidi 1986, Lambton 1974, Mahootian 1997 )
- Morphology:Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Exclusively concatenative" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964, Lazard 1957a, Lambton 1974, Majidi 1986, Mahootian 1997 )
- Morphology:Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb = "4-5 categories per word" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964, Lambton 1974 )
- Morphology:Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases = "Head marking" (réf. Lazard 1992, Mahootian 1997 )
- Morphology:Locus of Marking in the Clause = "Double marking" (réf. Lazard 1992, Mahootian 1997 )
- Morphology:Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology = "Inconsistent or other" (réf. Lazard 1992, Mahootian 1997 )
- Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Weakly suffixing" (réf. Lambton 1967, Elwell-Sutton 1941, Rastorgueva 1964, Lazard 1957a, Elwell-Sutton 1963 )
- Morphology:Reduplication = "Productive full and partial reduplication" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Morphology:Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking = "Not syncretic" (réf. Rubinchik 1960 )
- Morphology:Zero Marking of A and P Arguments = "Non-zero marking" (réf. Lazard 1992, Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Asymmetrical Case-Marking = "Symmetrical" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "Plural suffix" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964, Lambton 1967 )
- Nominal Categories:Comitatives and Instrumentals = "Identity" (réf. Alavi and Lorenz 1988 )
- Nominal Categories:Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers = "Formally similar, without interrogative" (réf. Netzer 1971 )
- Nominal Categories:Definite Articles = "No definite, but indefinite article" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Nominal Categories:Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives = "Two-way contrast" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "No distributive numerals"
- Nominal Categories:Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns = "3rd person singular only" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns = "No inclusive/exclusive" (réf. Majidi 1990 )
- Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection = "No inclusive/exclusive" (réf. Majidi 1990 )
- Nominal Categories:Indefinite Pronouns = "Generic-noun-based" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns = "Identical" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Number of Cases = "2 cases" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Number of Genders = "None" (réf. Lambton 1974 )
- Nominal Categories:Numeral Classifiers = "Optional" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Ordinal Numerals = "First/one-th, two-th, three-th" (réf. Alavi and Lorenz 1988 )
- Nominal Categories:Person Marking on Adpositions = "Pronouns only" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns = "Person-number stem" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns = "Binary politeness distinction" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "No case affixes or adpositional clitics" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Nominal Categories:Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes = "No possessive affixes" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Nominal Categories:Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives = "Different inflection" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Categories:Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems = "No gender" (réf. Lambton 1974 )
- Nominal Categories:Systems of Gender Assignment = "No gender" (réf. Lambton 1974 )
- Nominal Categories:The Associative Plural = "Unique periphrastic associative plural"
- Nominal Categories:Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives = "Related for non-human reference" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Nominal Syntax:Action Nominal Constructions = "Ergative-Possessive"
- Nominal Syntax:Adjectives without Nouns = "Without marking" (réf. Jones 1809 )
- Nominal Syntax:Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses = "Genitives and adjectives collapsed" (réf. Netzer 1971 )
- Nominal Syntax:Nominal and Verbal Conjunction = "Identity" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Syntax:Noun Phrase Conjunction = "'And' different from 'with'" (réf. Lazard 1957b )
- Nominal Syntax:Number of Possessive Nouns = "None reported" (réf. Lazard 1992, Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Syntax:Obligatory Possessive Inflection = "Absent" (réf. Lazard 1992, Mahootian 1997 )
- Nominal Syntax:Possessive Classification = "No possessive classification" (réf. Lazard 1992, Mahootian 1997 )
- Other:Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks = "Logical meanings"
- Phonology:Absence of Common Consonants = "All present" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Consonant Inventories = "Average" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Consonant-Vowel Ratio = "Average" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Fixed Stress Locations = "Ultimate" (réf. Lambton 1953 )
- Phonology:Front Rounded Vowels = "None" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Glottalized Consonants = "No glottalized consonants" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Lateral Consonants = "/l/, no obstruent laterals" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Presence of Uncommon Consonants = "None" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Syllable Structure = "Complex" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:The Velar Nasal = "No velar nasal" (réf. Elwell-Sutton 1963, Elwell-Sutton 1941 )
- Phonology:Tone = "No tones" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Uvular Consonants = "Uvular stops only" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems = "None missing in /p t k b d g/" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives = "In both plosives and fricatives" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Vowel Nasalization = "Contrast absent" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999 )
- Phonology:Vowel Quality Inventories = "Average (5-6)" (réf. Majidi and Ternes 1999, Obolensky et al. 1963 )
- Phonology:Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems = "No weight" (réf. Lambton 1953 )
- Phonology:Weight-Sensitive Stress = "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)" (réf. Lambton 1953 )
- Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases = "Nominative - accusative (standard)" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns = "Nominative - accusative (standard)" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Alignment of Verbal Person Marking = "Accusative" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Antipassive Constructions = "No antipassive"
- Simple Clauses:Applicative Constructions = "No applicative construction" (réf. Boyle 1966 )
- Simple Clauses:Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' = "Indirect-object construction" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Expression of Pronominal Subjects = "Subject affixes on verb" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Simple Clauses:Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation = "Predicate negation also present" (réf. Haspelmath 1997, Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative affix" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Simple Clauses:Nominal and Locational Predication = "Identical" (réf. Windfuhr 1987 )
- Simple Clauses:Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions = "Morphological but no compound" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Order of Person Markers on the Verb = "A precedes P" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Other Roles of Applied Objects = "No applicative construction"
- Simple Clauses:Passive Constructions = "Present" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Periphrastic Causative Constructions = "Purposive but no sequential" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Polar Questions = "Question particle" (réf. Lambton 1967 )
- Simple Clauses:Predicative Adjectives = "Nonverbal encoding" (réf. Windfuhr 1987 )
- Simple Clauses:Predicative Possession = "'Have'" (réf. Lambton 1967 )
- Simple Clauses:Productivity of the Antipassive Construction = "no antipassive"
- Simple Clauses:Reciprocal Constructions = "Distinct from reflexive" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Non-assignable" (réf. Lazard 1957b )
- Simple Clauses:Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Symmetric" (réf. Lazard 1957b )
- Simple Clauses:Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking = "Zero in all 3sg forms" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Verbal Person Marking = "Both the A and P arguments" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Simple Clauses:Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals = "Impossible" (réf. Windfuhr 1987 )
- Verbal Categories:Coding of Evidentiality = "Part of the tense system" (réf. Windfuhr 1982 )
- Verbal Categories:Epistemic Possibility = "Other" (réf. Windfuhr 1979, Mahootian 1997 )
- Verbal Categories:Imperative-Hortative Systems = "Minimal system" (réf. Mahootian 1997 )
- Verbal Categories:Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking = "Overlap for either possibility or necessity" (réf. Windfuhr 1979, Mahootian 1997 )
- Verbal Categories:Perfective/Imperfective Aspect = "Grammatical marking" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
- Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "Mixed type" (réf. Lambton 1967 )
- Verbal Categories:Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality = "Direct and indirect" (réf. Windfuhr 1982 )
- Verbal Categories:Situational Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Windfuhr 1979, Mahootian 1997 )
- Verbal Categories:Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect = "Tense and aspect"
- Verbal Categories:Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives = "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)"
- Verbal Categories:The Future Tense = "No inflectional future" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
- Verbal Categories:The Morphological Imperative = "Second singular" (réf. Lazard 1992, Mahootian 1997 )
- Verbal Categories:The Optative = "Inflectional optative absent" (réf. Lambton 1967 )
- Verbal Categories:The Past Tense = "Present, no remoteness distinctions" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
- Verbal Categories:The Perfect = "No perfect" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
- Verbal Categories:The Prohibitive = "Normal imperative + normal negative" (réf. Lazard 1992, Mahootian 1997 )
- Verbal Categories:Verbal Number and Suppletion = "None" (réf. Lazard 1992 )
- Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:NegSOV Order = "No NegSOV" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. Lazard 1957a, Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Prepositions" (réf. Elwell-Sutton 1941, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Initial subordinator word" (réf. Lazard 1957a, Rastorgueva 1964, Lambton 1967 )
- Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Degree word-Adjective" (réf. Lazard 1957a, Lambton 1967 )
- Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Demonstrative-Noun" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Noun-Genitive" (réf. Elwell-Sutton 1963, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "[Neg-V]" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Numeral-Noun" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Lazard 1957a, Lambton 1967, Elwell-Sutton 1941, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Noun-Relative clause" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Lazard 1957a, Lambton 1967, Elwell-Sutton 1941, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SOV" (réf. Lazard 1957a, Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964, Elwell-Sutton 1941 )
- Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Not initial interrogative phrase" (réf. Elwell-Sutton 1941, Lazard 1957a )
- Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "MorphNeg" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Position of Polar Question Particles = "Initial" (réf. Lambton 1967 )
- Word Order:Postnominal relative clauses = "Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant" (réf. Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "[Neg-V]" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and NAdj"
- Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "OV and Prepositions"
- Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "OV and NRel"
- Word Order:SNegOV Order = "No SNegOV" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:SONegV Order = "Prefix&NoDoubleNeg" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:SOVNeg Order = "NoSOVNeg" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
- Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages = "SO[Neg-V]" (réf. Lambton 1967, Rastorgueva 1964 )
Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_prs
Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE
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FARSI (upsid 516) (30 segments) a̟ , b , d̠ʒ , d̪ , e , f , h , i , j , kʰ , l , m , n̪ , o , pʰ , r , s , t̠ʃ , t̪ʰ , u , v , w , z , ɑ , ɡ , ɢ , ʃ , ʒ , ʔ , χ
-
Farsi (ea 2520) (29 segments) b , d , d̠ʒ , e̞ , f , h , iː , j , kʰ , l̪ , m , n , o̞ , pʰ , r̪ , s , tʰ , t̠ʃʰ , uː , v , z , æ , ɒː , ɡ , ɢʁ , ʃ , ʒ , ʔ , χ
-
Persian (spa 172) (30 segments) a̟ , b , d , d̠ʒ , e , f , h , i , j , kʰ , l , m , n , o , pʰ , r , s , tʰ , t̠ʃ , u , v , w , z , ɑ , ɡ , ɢ , ʃ , ʒ , ʔ , χ
-
Persian (uz 2205) (29 segments) b , d , d̠ʒ , e , f , h , i , j , kʰ , l , m , n , o , pʰ , r , s , tʰ , t̠ʃ , u , v , x , z , æ , ɒ , ɡ , ɣ , ʃ , ʒ , ʔ
Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog
- 1959. Karmannyj russko-persidskij slovar': 7250 slov. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe Izdat. Inostrannych i Nacionalnych Slovarej. 796pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Abbas Ali Ahangar and Pakzad Yousefian and Manijeh Khazaei Esfehani. 2017. A Study of Inflectional Categories of Noun in Sistani Dialect. Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies 9. 1-32. (cf. référence complète)
- Abd-Allāh Waziri. 1364 [1985]. Fārsī-i Šūštarī. Ahwāz: Intišārāt-i Wazīrī. 190pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Ahangar, A. A. 1382 [2003]. Towsif-e dastgah-e vaji-ye gooyesh-e Sistani [Description of the Phoneme System of the Sistani Dialect]. Gooyeshshenasi [Dialectology] 1. 4-31. (cf. référence complète)
- Ahangar, A. A. 2010. A study of the Verb System in the Sistani Dialect of Persian. Orientalia Suecana 59. 5-44. (cf. référence complète)
- Ahmed Dānešgar. 1996. Farhang-e wāžehā-ye rāyeǧ-e Torbat Haidariyya. Mašad. (cf. référence complète)
- Akbarī Šālčī, Amīr Ḥosein. 1370 [1989]. Farhang-e gūyešī-ye Xorāsān-e bozorg [A Dictionary of Khoräsanian Dialect]. Tehran: Našr-e markaz. 320pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Alavi, Bozorg and Lorenz, Manfred. 1988. Lehrbuch der persischen Sprache. Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie. 352pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Amir, Chusrau Dichlavj. 1961. Sirin wa Husrau: kriticeskij tekst i predislovie. (Pamjatniki literatury narodov vostoka : Teksty : Malaja Serija, 12.) Moskva: Izdat. Vostocnoj Literatury. 17pp. (In arab. Schr. - Text pers. - Einf. in kyrill. Schr., russ.) (cf. référence complète)
- Anna Pytlowany. 2018 [1698]. Ketelaar Rediscovered: The first Dutch grammar of Persian and Hindustani (1698). (Doctoral dissertation, Universiteit van Amsterdam; 254pp.) (cf. référence complète)
- Assadi, Shahrbano Suzanne. n.d. Les phenomenes de glottalisation en persan (langue standard / langue parlee). Lille: ANRT. (Zugl.: Paris, Univ., Diss, Paris 3,2003). (cf. référence complète)
- Ates, Ahmed and Tarzi, Abd al-Vahhab Mahmud. 1962. Farsca grameri: (gramer, aruz, metinler, sözlük ve bibliyografya). (Istanbul Üniversitesi yayinlari, 171.) 3rd edn. Istanbul: Edebiyat Fak. Basimevi. viii+464pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Bakhtiari, Behrooz Mahmoodi. 2002. Tense in Persian: its nature and use. (LINCOM Studies in Indo-European Linguistics, 24.) München: Lincom. 176pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Barjasteh Delforooz, B. 1375 [1996]. Dastgah-e vaji-ye gooyesh-e Sistani [Phoneme System of Sistani Dialect]. Majalle-ye oloom-e ensani-ye daneshgah-e Sistān va Baluchestān [Journal of Human Sciences of University of Sistani and Baluchestan] 2. 70-91, 112-132. (cf. référence complète)
- Bergé, Adolphe. 1920. Dictionnaire persan-francais: avec un table alphabétique pour servir de dictionnaire francais-persan et un tableau comparatif des années de l' ère mahométane et de l' ère chrétienne. 3rd edn. Leipzig: Voss. viii+674pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Beroukhim, B. 1966. Dictionnaire persan-français: contentant 40.000 mots et expressions en vogue dans la langue et la littérature persanes. Téhéran: Libr. Beroukhim. 738pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Corver and van Riemsdijk (eds.) 1994. Scrambling to object position in Persian. In Corver and van Riemsdijk (eds.), Studies on scrambling. Movement and non-movement approaches to free word order phenomena. (cf. référence complète)
- Csató, Éva Ágnes and Isaksson, Bo and Jahani, Carina (eds.) 2005. Lexical Areas and Semantic Fields of Arabic Loanwoards in Persian and Beyond. In Csató, Éva Ágnes and Isaksson, Bo and Jahani, Carina (eds.), Linguistic Convergence and Areal Diffusion. London and New York: Routledge Curzon. (cf. référence complète)
- Csató, Éva Ágnes and Isaksson, Bo and Jahani, Carina (eds.) 2005. The Glottal Plosive: A Phoneme in spoken Modern Persian or Not?. In Csató, Éva Ágnes and Isaksson, Bo and Jahani, Carina (eds.), Linguistic Convergence and Areal Diffusion. London and New York: Routledge Curzon. (cf. référence complète)
- Daumer, Georg F. 1846. Hafis: eine Sammlung persischer Gedichte ; nebst poetischen Zugaben aus verschiedenen Völkern und Ländern. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe. 318pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Dehghani, Yavar. 2002. Persian. (Languages of the World : Materials, 348.) München: Lincom Europa. vi+63pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Doerfer, Gerhard. 1963, 1965, 1967, 1975. Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen. (Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen, 1.) Wiesbaden: Steiner. xlviii+567+v+671+v+671+iv+642pp. (2 vols.) (cf. référence complète)
- Doerfer, Gerhard. 1965. Türkische Elemente im Neupersischen: alif bis ta. (Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen, 2.) Wiesbaden: Steiner. 671pp. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur <Mainz> / Orientalische Kommission: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur <Mainz> / Orientalische Kommission: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission ; 19). (cf. référence complète)
- Doerfer, Gerhard. 1967. Türkische Elemente im Neupersischen: gim bis kaf. (Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen, 3.) Wiesbaden: Steiner. 670pp. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur <Mainz> / Orientalische Kommission: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur <Mainz> / Orientalische Kommission: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission ; 20). (cf. référence complète)
- Doerfer, Gerhard. 1975. Türkische Elemente im Neupersischen (Schluss) und Register zur Gesamtarbeit. (Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen, 4.) Wiesbaden: Steiner. 640pp. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur <Mainz> / Orientalische Kommission: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur <Mainz> / Orientalische Kommission: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission ; 21). (cf. référence complète)
- Eilers, Wilhelm and Schapka, Ulrich. 1976. Die Mundart von Chunsar: mit 6 tafeln und 3 Landkarten. (Westiranische Mundarten aus der Sammlung Wilhelm Eilers, 1.) Wiesbaden: Steiner. xv+396pp. (Includes index Bibliography: p. [xii]-xv.) (cf. référence complète)
- Elwell-Sutton, L. P. 1941. Colloquial Persian. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Limited. (cf. référence complète)
- Elwell-Sutton, L. P. 1963. Elementary Persian Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 250pp. (cf. référence complète)
- Erik Anonby and Mortaza Taheri-Ardali and Adam Stone. 2021. Toward a picture of Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran, as a linguistic area. Journal of Linguistic Geography 9. 106–141. (cf. référence complète)
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Seules sont affichées les 100 premières référence. Pour une liste exhaustive sur Glottolog
Autres liens sur cette langue
- Wikipedia: http://wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639:pes
- OLAC: http://www.language-archives.org/language/pes
- Glottolog: http://glottolog.org/glottolog?iso=pes
- iso639: http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pes
- Lexvo: http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/pes
Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog