Spanish

Code ISO 639-3: spa

Classification: Indo-European > Classical Indo-European > Italic > Latino-Faliscan > Latinic > Imperial Latin > Romance > Italo-Western Romance > Western Romance > Shifted Western Romance > Southwestern Shifted Romance > West Ibero-Romance > Castilic > Spanish

Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)

Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Zulma Iguina and Eleanor Dozier 2013)

Ressources dans l'entrepôt

Pays ou régions dans lesquelles l'entrepôt dispose d'enregistrements
Région Code Nombre
Bolivia BO 104
France FR 11
Mexico MX 14
Paraguay PY 11
Rechercher toutes les ressources de l'entrepôt sur cette langue: Spanish

Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS

  • Complex Sentences:'Want' Complement Subjects = "Subject is left implicit"
  • Complex Sentences:'When' Clauses = "Balanced/deranked" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Complex Sentences:Purpose Clauses = "Deranked" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Complex Sentences:Reason Clauses = "Balanced/deranked" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Complex Sentences:Relativization on Obliques = "Relative pronoun"
  • Complex Sentences:Relativization on Subjects = "Gap"
  • Complex Sentences:Utterance Complement Clauses = "Balanced/deranked" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Lexicon:Finger and Hand = "Different" (réf. Cuyás 1972 )
  • Lexicon:Green and Blue = "Green vs. blue"
  • Lexicon:Hand and Arm = "Different" (réf. Cuyás 1972 )
  • Lexicon:M in First Person Singular = "m in first person singular"
  • Lexicon:M in Second Person Singular = "No m in second person singular"
  • Lexicon:M-T Pronouns = "M-T pronouns, paradigmatic"
  • Lexicon:N-M Pronouns = "No N-M pronouns"
  • Lexicon:Number of Basic Colour Categories = "11"
  • Lexicon:Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories = "6"
  • Lexicon:Numeral Bases = "Decimal"
  • Lexicon:Red and Yellow = "Red vs. yellow"
  • Lexicon:Tea = "Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te"
  • Morphology:Case Syncretism = "Core and non-core" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Morphology:Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Monoexponential case" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Morphology:Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection = "TAM+agreement" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Morphology:Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Exclusively concatenative" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Morphology:Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb = "4-5 categories per word" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases = "Dependent marking"
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking in the Clause = "Double marking"
  • Morphology:Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology = "Inconsistent or other"
  • Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Strongly suffixing" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000, Green 1988 )
  • Morphology:Reduplication = "No productive reduplication" (réf. Lopez 2001 )
  • Morphology:Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking = "Syncretic" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Morphology:Zero Marking of A and P Arguments = "Non-zero marking"
  • Nominal Categories:Asymmetrical Case-Marking = "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "Plural suffix"
  • Nominal Categories:Definite Articles = "Definite word distinct from demonstrative" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Nominal Categories:Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives = "Three-way contrast"
  • Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "No distributive numerals"
  • Nominal Categories:Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns = "In 3rd person + 1st and/or 2nd person" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns = "No inclusive/exclusive"
  • Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection = "No inclusive/exclusive"
  • Nominal Categories:Indefinite Articles = "Indefinite word same as 'one'" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Nominal Categories:Indefinite Pronouns = "Special"
  • Nominal Categories:Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns = "Differentiated" (réf. Otero 1999 )
  • Nominal Categories:Number of Cases = "No morphological case-marking" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Nominal Categories:Number of Genders = "Two"
  • Nominal Categories:Occurrence of Nominal Plurality = "All nouns, always obligatory"
  • Nominal Categories:Ordinal Numerals = "First, second, three-th"
  • Nominal Categories:Person Marking on Adpositions = "No person marking" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Nominal Categories:Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns = "Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix"
  • Nominal Categories:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns = "Binary politeness distinction" (réf. Berschin et.al. 1995 )
  • Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "No case affixes or adpositional clitics"
  • Nominal Categories:Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes = "No possessive affixes"
  • Nominal Categories:Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives = "Identical"
  • Nominal Categories:Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems = "Sex-based"
  • Nominal Categories:Systems of Gender Assignment = "Semantic and formal"
  • Nominal Categories:The Associative Plural = "No associative plural"
  • Nominal Categories:Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives = "Unrelated" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Action Nominal Constructions = "Ergative-Possessive"
  • Nominal Syntax:Adjectives without Nouns = "Without marking"
  • Nominal Syntax:Nominal and Verbal Conjunction = "Identity"
  • Nominal Syntax:Noun Phrase Conjunction = "'And' different from 'with'" (réf. Ashcom and Goodell 1955 )
  • Nominal Syntax:Number of Possessive Nouns = "None reported"
  • Nominal Syntax:Obligatory Possessive Inflection = "Absent"
  • Nominal Syntax:Possessive Classification = "No possessive classification"
  • Other:Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks = "Affective meanings"
  • Other:Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks = "Affective meanings"
  • Phonology:Absence of Common Consonants = "All present" (réf. Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962, Navarro 1961 )
  • Phonology:Consonant Inventories = "Moderately large" (réf. Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962, Navarro 1961 )
  • Phonology:Consonant-Vowel Ratio = "Average" (réf. Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962, Navarro 1961 )
  • Phonology:Fixed Stress Locations = "No fixed stress" (réf. Roca 1991, Harris 1983, Harris 1969a, Navarro 1965, Green 1988, Roca 1999, Alarcos Llorach 1965 )
  • Phonology:Front Rounded Vowels = "None" (réf. Navarro 1961, Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962 )
  • Phonology:Glottalized Consonants = "No glottalized consonants" (réf. Navarro 1961, Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962 )
  • Phonology:Lateral Consonants = "/l/, no obstruent laterals" (réf. Navarro 1961, Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962 )
  • Phonology:Presence of Uncommon Consonants = "'Th' sounds" (réf. Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962, Navarro 1961 )
  • Phonology:Rhythm Types = "Trochaic" (réf. Roca 1991, Harris 1983, Harris 1969a, Navarro 1965, Green 1988, Roca 1999, Alarcos Llorach 1965 )
  • Phonology:Syllable Structure = "Moderately complex" (réf. Navarro 1961, Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962 )
  • Phonology:The Velar Nasal = "No velar nasal"
  • Phonology:Tone = "No tones" (réf. Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962, Navarro 1961 )
  • Phonology:Uvular Consonants = "None" (réf. Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962, Navarro 1961 )
  • Phonology:Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems = "Other" (réf. Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962, Navarro 1961 )
  • Phonology:Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives = "In fricatives alone" (réf. Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962, Navarro 1961 )
  • Phonology:Vowel Nasalization = "Contrast absent" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Phonology:Vowel Quality Inventories = "Average (5-6)" (réf. Harris 1969a, Saporta and Contreras 1962, Navarro 1961 )
  • Phonology:Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems = "Combined" (réf. Roca 1991, Harris 1983, Harris 1969a, Navarro 1965, Green 1988, Roca 1999, Alarcos Llorach 1965 )
  • Phonology:Weight-Sensitive Stress = "Right-edge: Ultimate or penultimate" (réf. Roca 1991, Harris 1983, Harris 1969a, Navarro 1965, Green 1988, Roca 1999, Alarcos Llorach 1965 )
  • Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases = "Nominative - accusative (standard)"
  • Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns = "Nominative - accusative (standard)"
  • Simple Clauses:Alignment of Verbal Person Marking = "Accusative" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Simple Clauses:Antipassive Constructions = "No antipassive"
  • Simple Clauses:Applicative Constructions = "No applicative construction"
  • Simple Clauses:Comparative Constructions = "Particle"
  • Simple Clauses:Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' = "Indirect-object construction"
  • Simple Clauses:Expression of Pronominal Subjects = "Subject affixes on verb"
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation = "Mixed behaviour"
  • Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative particle"
  • Simple Clauses:Nominal and Locational Predication = "Different"
  • Simple Clauses:Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions = "Both"
  • Simple Clauses:Order of Person Markers on the Verb = "P precedes A" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Simple Clauses:Other Roles of Applied Objects = "No applicative construction"
  • Simple Clauses:Passive Constructions = "Present" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Simple Clauses:Periphrastic Causative Constructions = "Both"
  • Simple Clauses:Polar Questions = "Interrogative word order" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Simple Clauses:Predicative Adjectives = "Nonverbal encoding"
  • Simple Clauses:Predicative Possession = "'Have'" (réf. Jarvis et al. 1981 )
  • Simple Clauses:Productivity of the Antipassive Construction = "no antipassive"
  • Simple Clauses:Reciprocal Constructions = "Mixed" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Simple Clauses:Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Non-assignable"
  • Simple Clauses:Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Symmetric"
  • Simple Clauses:Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking = "No zero realization" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Simple Clauses:Verbal Person Marking = "Both the A and P arguments" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Simple Clauses:Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals = "Impossible"
  • Verbal Categories:Coding of Evidentiality = "No grammatical evidentials" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Verbal Categories:Epistemic Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 1988 )
  • Verbal Categories:Imperative-Hortative Systems = "Neither type of system"
  • Verbal Categories:Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking = "Overlap for both possibility and necessity" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 1988 )
  • Verbal Categories:Perfective/Imperfective Aspect = "Grammatical marking" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
  • Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "Tense-aspect suffixes"
  • Verbal Categories:Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality = "No grammatical evidentials" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Verbal Categories:Situational Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 1988 )
  • Verbal Categories:Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect = "Tense and aspect"
  • Verbal Categories:Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives = "Imperative"
  • Verbal Categories:The Future Tense = "Inflectional future exists" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Morphological Imperative = "Second singular and second plural"
  • Verbal Categories:The Optative = "Inflectional optative absent" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 1994 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Past Tense = "Present, no remoteness distinctions" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Perfect = "From possessive" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
  • Verbal Categories:The Prohibitive = "Special imperative + normal negative"
  • Verbal Categories:Verbal Number and Suppletion = "None"
  • Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:NegSVO Order = "No NegSVO"
  • Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Prepositions" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Initial subordinator word"
  • Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Degree word-Adjective"
  • Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Demonstrative-Noun" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Noun-Genitive" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "NegV" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Numeral-Noun" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "VO" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb = "VOX"
  • Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Noun-Relative clause" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "No dominant order"
  • Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SVO" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Initial interrogative phrase" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "SNegVO"
  • Word Order:Position of Polar Question Particles = "No question particle" (réf. Butt and Benjamin 2000 )
  • Word Order:Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb = "Immed preverbal"
  • Word Order:Postnominal relative clauses = "Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "NegV" (réf. Green 1988 )
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "VO and NAdj"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "VO and Prepositions"
  • Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "VO and NRel"
  • Word Order:SNegVO Order = "Word&NoDoubleNeg"
  • Word Order:SVNegO Order = "No SVNegO"
  • Word Order:SVONeg Order = "No SVONeg"
  • Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages = "SNegVO"

Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_spa

Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE

  • SPANISH (upsid 553) (25 segments)
    a , e̞ , f , i , j , k , l̪ , m , n̪ , o̞ , p , r , s̪ , t̠ʃ , t̪ , u , w , x , ð , ɣ , ɲ , ʎ , β , θ , ᴅ
  • Spanish (ea 2303) (45 segments)
    a , ai , au , b , d̪ , e , ei , f , i , i̯a , i̯e , i̯o , i̯æ , i̯æi , i̯ɔ , i̯ɛ , i̯ɛi , k , l , m , n̪ , o , oi , p , r , s , t̠ʃ , t̪ , u , u̯a , u̯æi , u̯ɛi , x , æ , æi , ɔ , ɔi , ɛ , ɛi , ɟ , ɡ , ɲ , ɾ , ʎ , θ
  • Spanish (ea 2308) (25 segments)
    ä , b , d̻ , e̞ , f , i , i̯ , k , l , m , n , o̞ , p , s̺̠ , t̠ʃ , t̻ , u , u̯ , ɟʝ , ɡ , ɲ , ɾ , ʃ , θ , χ
  • Spanish (spa 164) (25 segments)
    a , e̞ , f , i , j , k , l , m , n , o̞ , p , r , s , t , t̠ʃ , u , w , x , ð͉ , ɣ , ɲ , ɾ , ʎ , β , θ
  • Spanish (uz 2210) (38 segments)
    a , ai̯ , au̯ , b , d̻ , e , ei̯ , eu̯ , f , i , ia , ie , io , iu , l , m , n , o , oi̯ , ou̯ , p , r , s , t̠ʃ , t̻ , u , ua , ue , uei̯ , ui , u̯o , x , ɟʝ , ɡ , ɲ , ɾ , ʎ , θ

Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog

Seules sont affichées les 100 premières référence. Pour une liste exhaustive sur Glottolog

Autres liens sur cette langue

Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog