Vietnamese

Code ISO 639-3: vie

Classification: Austroasiatic > Vietic > Viet-Muong > Vietnamese

Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)

Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Chinh, Truong Van 1970)

Ressources dans l'entrepôt

Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS

• Complex Sentences:'Want' Complement Subjects = "Subject is left implicit" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Complex Sentences:'When' Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. Hung 1979 )
• Complex Sentences:Purpose Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. Hung 1979 )
• Complex Sentences:Reason Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. Hung 1979 )
• Complex Sentences:Relativization on Subjects = "Gap" (réf. Thompson 1987 )
• Complex Sentences:Utterance Complement Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. Hung 1979 )
• Lexicon:M in First Person Singular = "No m in first person singular" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Lexicon:M in Second Person Singular = "m in second person singular" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Lexicon:M-T Pronouns = "No M-T pronouns" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Lexicon:N-M Pronouns = "No N-M pronouns" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Lexicon:Numeral Bases = "Decimal" (réf. Thompson 1991 )
• Lexicon:Tea = "Words derived from Sinitic cha" (réf. Malherbe and Rosenberg 1996 )
• Morphology:Case Syncretism = "No case marking" (réf. Solncev et al. 1960 )
• Morphology:Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "No case" (réf. Bisang 1992, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1997, Bisang 1991, Binh 1971 )
• Morphology:Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection = "monoexponential TAM" (réf. Thompson 1965, Bisang 1991, Binh 1971, Nguyen 1997, Bisang 1992 )
• Morphology:Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Exclusively isolating" (réf. Bisang 1992, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1997, Bisang 1991, Binh 1971 )
• Morphology:Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb = "0-1 category per word" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Morphology:Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases = "No marking" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Morphology:Locus of Marking in the Clause = "No marking" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Morphology:Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology = "Zero-marking" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Little affixation" (réf. Huffman and Hai 1980, Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Thompson 1965, Dinh Hoa 1974, Binh 1971, Nguyen 1975 )
• Morphology:Reduplication = "Productive full and partial reduplication" (réf. Nguyen 2001 )
• Morphology:Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking = "No subject person/number marking" (réf. Solncev et al. 1960 )
• Morphology:Zero Marking of A and P Arguments = "Zero-marking" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:Asymmetrical Case-Marking = "No case-marking" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "Plural word" (réf. Thompson 1965, Binh 1971 )
• Nominal Categories:Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers = "Formally similar, with interrogative" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:Definite Articles = "Definite word distinct from demonstrative" (réf. Binh 1971 )
• Nominal Categories:Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives = "Two-way contrast" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "No distributive numerals" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns = "No gender distinctions" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns = "'We' the same as 'I'" (réf. Thompson 1987 )
• Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection = "No person marking" (réf. Thompson 1987 )
• Nominal Categories:Indefinite Pronouns = "Interrogative-based" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Nominal Categories:Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns = "Identical" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Nominal Categories:Number of Cases = "No morphological case-marking" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Nominal Categories:Number of Genders = "None" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:Numeral Classifiers = "Obligatory" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:Occurrence of Nominal Plurality = "All nouns, always optional" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Nominal Categories:Ordinal Numerals = "Various" (réf. Hoàng 1982 )
• Nominal Categories:Person Marking on Adpositions = "No person marking" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns = "Person stem + pronominal plural affix" (réf. Emeneau 1951 )
• Nominal Categories:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns = "Pronouns avoided for politeness" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "No case affixes or adpositional clitics" (réf. Binh 1971 )
• Nominal Categories:Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes = "No possessive affixes" (réf. Binh 1971 )
• Nominal Categories:Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems = "No gender" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:Systems of Gender Assignment = "No gender" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Categories:The Associative Plural = "No associative plural"
• Nominal Categories:Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives = "Related to remote demonstratives" (réf. Thompson 1991 )
• Nominal Syntax:Action Nominal Constructions = "Possessive-Accusative"
• Nominal Syntax:Adjectives without Nouns = "Marked by preceding word"
• Nominal Syntax:Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses = "Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed"
• Nominal Syntax:Nominal and Verbal Conjunction = "Identity" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Nominal Syntax:Noun Phrase Conjunction = "'And' different from 'with'" (réf. Van Chinh 1970 )
• Nominal Syntax:Number of Possessive Nouns = "None reported" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Syntax:Obligatory Possessive Inflection = "Absent" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Nominal Syntax:Possessive Classification = "No possessive classification" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Phonology:Absence of Common Consonants = "All present" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1990 )
• Phonology:Consonant Inventories = "Average" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1990 )
• Phonology:Consonant-Vowel Ratio = "Low" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Nguyen 1990, Thompson 1965 )
• Phonology:Front Rounded Vowels = "None" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Nguyen 1990, Thompson 1965 )
• Phonology:Glottalized Consonants = "Implosives only" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1990 )
• Phonology:Lateral Consonants = "/l/, no obstruent laterals" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1990 )
• Phonology:Presence of Uncommon Consonants = "None" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1990 )
• Phonology:Syllable Structure = "Moderately complex" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Nguyen 1990, Thompson 1965 )
• Phonology:The Velar Nasal = "Initial velar nasal" (réf. Nguyen 1966 )
• Phonology:Tone = "Complex tone system" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1990 )
• Phonology:Uvular Consonants = "None" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1990 )
• Phonology:Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems = "Other" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1974a, Nguyen 1990 )
• Phonology:Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives = "In fricatives alone" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Nguyen 1990, Thompson 1965 )
• Phonology:Vowel Nasalization = "Contrast absent" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Phonology:Vowel Quality Inventories = "Large (7-14)" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Nguyen 1974a, Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1990 )
• Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases = "Neutral" (réf. Thompson 1991 )
• Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns = "Neutral" (réf. Thompson 1991 )
• Simple Clauses:Alignment of Verbal Person Marking = "Neutral" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Antipassive Constructions = "No antipassive" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Applicative Constructions = "No applicative construction" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Comparative Constructions = "Exceed" (réf. Jones and Thong 1960 )
• Simple Clauses:Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' = "Double-object construction" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Simple Clauses:Expression of Pronominal Subjects = "Optional pronouns in subject position" (réf. Thompson 1965, Binh 1971 )
• Simple Clauses:Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation = "Predicate negation also present" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative word, unclear if verb or particle" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Binh 1971 )
• Simple Clauses:Nominal and Locational Predication = "Different" (réf. Van Chinh 1970 )
• Simple Clauses:Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions = "Compound but no morphological" (réf. Dinh Hoa 1974, Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Order of Person Markers on the Verb = "A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Other Roles of Applied Objects = "No applicative construction"
• Simple Clauses:Passive Constructions = "Present" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Periphrastic Causative Constructions = "Both" (réf. Dinh Hoa 1974, Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Polar Questions = "Question particle" (réf. Thompson 1965, Binh 1971, Nguyen 1975 )
• Simple Clauses:Predicative Adjectives = "Verbal encoding" (réf. Van Chinh 1970 )
• Simple Clauses:Predicative Possession = "Topic" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Productivity of the Antipassive Construction = "no antipassive" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Reciprocal Constructions = "Distinct from reflexive" (réf. Bystrov and Stankevich 2007 )
• Simple Clauses:Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Non-assignable" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Symmetric" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking = "No person marking" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Verbal Person Marking = "No person marking" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Simple Clauses:Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals = "Possible" (réf. Van Chinh 1970 )
• Verbal Categories:Coding of Evidentiality = "No grammatical evidentials" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Verbal Categories:Epistemic Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Vu 1998 )
• Verbal Categories:Imperative-Hortative Systems = "Neither type of system" (réf. Thompson 1965, Dinh Hoa 1974 )
• Verbal Categories:Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking = "Overlap for either possibility or necessity" (réf. Vu 1998 )
• Verbal Categories:Perfective/Imperfective Aspect = "No grammatical marking" (réf. Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1997 )
• Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "No tense-aspect inflection" (réf. Binh 1971 )
• Verbal Categories:Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality = "No grammatical evidentials" (réf. Nguyen 1997 )
• Verbal Categories:Situational Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Emeneau 1951, Vu 1998 )
• Verbal Categories:Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect = "None" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Verbal Categories:Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives = "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)"
• Verbal Categories:The Future Tense = "No inflectional future" (réf. Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1997 )
• Verbal Categories:The Morphological Imperative = "No second-person imperatives" (réf. Bystrov and Stankevich 2001, Thompson 1965, Dinh Hoa 1974 )
• Verbal Categories:The Optative = "Inflectional optative absent" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Verbal Categories:The Past Tense = "No past tense" (réf. Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1997 )
• Verbal Categories:The Perfect = "Other perfect" (réf. Thompson 1965, Nguyen 1997 )
• Verbal Categories:The Prohibitive = "Normal imperative + special negative" (réf. Bystrov and Stankevich 2001, Thompson 1965, Dinh Hoa 1974 )
• Verbal Categories:Verbal Number and Suppletion = "None" (réf. Thompson 1965 )
• Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Binh 1971, Thompson 1965 )
• Word Order:NegSVO Order = "No NegSVO" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975 )
• Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Noun-Adjective" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Thompson 1965, Dinh Hoa 1974, Binh 1971 )
• Word Order:Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Prepositions" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Thompson 1965, Binh 1971, Nguyen 1975 )
• Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Initial subordinator word" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Thompson 1965, Binh 1971, Nguyen 1975 )
• Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Noun-Demonstrative" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Thompson 1965, Dinh Hoa 1974, Binh 1971 )
• Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Noun-Genitive" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Thompson 1965, Binh 1971 )
• Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "NegV" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Binh 1971, Thompson 1965 )
• Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Numeral-Noun" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Thompson 1965, Binh 1971 )
• Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "VO" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Binh 1971, Nguyen 1975 )
• Word Order:Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb = "VOX" (réf. Binh 1971, Nguyen 1975 )
• Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Noun-Relative clause" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Thompson 1965, Binh 1971 )
• Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Binh 1971, Nguyen 1975 )
• Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SVO" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Binh 1971, Nguyen 1975 )
• Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Not initial interrogative phrase" (réf. Thompson 1965, Binh 1971, Nguyen 1975 )
• Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "SNegVO" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975 )
• Word Order:Position of Polar Question Particles = "Final" (réf. Thompson 1965, Binh 1971, Nguyen 1975 )
• Word Order:Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb = "Immed preverbal" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975 )
• Word Order:Postnominal relative clauses = "Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Thompson 1965, Binh 1971 )
• Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Binh 1971, Thompson 1965 )
• Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "NegV" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975, Binh 1971, Thompson 1965 )
• Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "VO and NAdj"
• Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "VO and Prepositions"
• Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "VO and NRel"
• Word Order:SNegVO Order = "Word&NoDoubleNeg" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975 )
• Word Order:SVNegO Order = "No SVNegO" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975 )
• Word Order:SVONeg Order = "No SVONeg" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975 )
• Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages = "SNegVO" (réf. Vu'ong-Gia-Thuy 1975 )

Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_vie

Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE

• VIETNAMESE (upsid 605) (36 segments)
  a , c , e , f , h , iʌ , j , k , l̪ , m , n̪ , o , p , s , t̪ , t̪ʰ , uʌ , v , w , x , z , ŋ , ɐ , ɓ , ɔ , ɗ , ɛ , ɣ , ɤ , ɪ , ɯʌ , ɯ̞ , ɲ , ʊ , ʌ , ʔ
• Vietnamese (ea 2462) (37 segments)
  a , aː , e , f , h , i , iə , k , l , m , n , o , p , s , t , tɕ , tʰ , u , uə , v , w , x , z , ŋ , ɓ , ɔ , ɔː , ɗ , ɛ , ɛː , ɣ , ɤ , ɤː , ɯ , ɯə , ɲ , ʔ
• Vietnamese (spa 15) (39 segments)
  a̟ː , c , e , f , h , j , k , l , m , n , o , s , t , tʰ , v , w , x , z , ŋ , ɐ , ɓ , ɔ , ɗ , ɛ , ɣ , ɤ , ɪ , ɯ̞ , ɲ , ʊ , ʌ , ʌ̯ , ʔ , ˦˥ , ˦˥̰ , ˧ , ˨˩ , ˨˩̤ , ˩̰
• Vietnamese (uz 2233) (45 segments)
  a , aː , e , f , h , i , iə , j , k , l̪ , m , n̪ , o , p , s , tɕ , t̪ , t̪ʰ , u , uə , v , w , x , z , ŋ , ɔ , ɔː , ɗ , ɛ , ɛː , ɣ , ɤ , ɤː , ɯ , ɯə , ɲ , ʔ , ˥˩˩˥ , ˦ , ˦˨ , ˦˩˨ , ˧˥ , ˧˩ , ˨ , ˩˧

Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog

• 1964. Basic Vietnamese course. 122pp. (cf. référence complète)
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Seules sont affichées les 100 premières référence. Pour une liste exhaustive sur Glottolog

Autres liens sur cette langue

• Wikipedia: http://wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639:vie
• OLAC: http://www.language-archives.org/language/vie
• Glottolog: http://glottolog.org/glottolog?iso=vie
• iso639: http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vie
• Lexvo: http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/vie

Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog