COCOON: Informations linguistiques sur la langue Tamil

Tamil

Code ISO 639-3: tam

Classification: Dravidian > South Dravidian > South Dravidian I > Tamil-Kannada > Tamil-Kota > Tamil-Toda > Tamil-Irula > Tamil-Kodagu > Tamil-Malayalam > Tamiloid > Tamil-Paliyan > Tamil

Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)

Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Lisker, Leigh and Vaidyanathan, S. 1966)

Ressources dans l'entrepôt

Pays ou régions dans lesquelles l'entrepôt dispose d'enregistrements
	Région	Code	Nombre
	France	FR	1

Rechercher toutes les ressources de l'entrepôt sur cette langue: Tamil

Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS

Complex Sentences:'When' Clauses = "Deranked" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Complex Sentences:Purpose Clauses = "Deranked" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Complex Sentences:Reason Clauses = "Deranked" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Complex Sentences:Utterance Complement Clauses = "Deranked" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Lexicon:Finger and Hand = "Different" (réf. Burrow and Emeneau 1984 )
Lexicon:Hand and Arm = "Identical" (réf. Burrow and Emeneau 1984 )
Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Strongly suffixing" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Morphology:Reduplication = "Productive full and partial reduplication" (réf. Steever 2001 )
Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "Plural suffix" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Nominal Categories:Comitatives and Instrumentals = "Differentiation" (réf. Beythan 1943 )
Nominal Categories:Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers = "Formally similar, with interrogative" (réf. Emeneau 1980, Gil 1994b )
Nominal Categories:Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives = "Two-way contrast" (réf. Herring 1994 )
Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "Marked by reduplication" (réf. Abbi 1992 )
Nominal Categories:Indefinite Pronouns = "Interrogative-based" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Nominal Categories:Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns = "Identical" (réf. Annamalai 2000 )
Nominal Categories:Number of Genders = "Three" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Nominal Categories:Occurrence of Nominal Plurality = "All nouns, optional in inanimates" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Nominal Categories:Ordinal Numerals = "First, two-th, three-th" (réf. Beythan 1943 )
Nominal Categories:Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns = "Person-number stem + nominal plural affix" (réf. Annamalai and Steever 1998 )
Nominal Categories:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns = "Multiple politeness distinctions" (réf. Brown and Levinson 1987 )
Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "Case suffixes" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Nominal Categories:Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives = "Different inflection" (réf. Herring 1994 )
Nominal Categories:Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems = "Sex-based" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Nominal Categories:Systems of Gender Assignment = "Semantic" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Nominal Syntax:Action Nominal Constructions = "Sentential" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Nominal Syntax:Nominal and Verbal Conjunction = "Differentiation" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Nominal Syntax:Noun Phrase Conjunction = "'And' different from 'with'" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Simple Clauses:Antipassive Constructions = "No antipassive" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Simple Clauses:Applicative Constructions = "No applicative construction" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Simple Clauses:Comparative Constructions = "Locational" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Simple Clauses:Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' = "Indirect-object construction" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Simple Clauses:Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation = "Predicate negation also present" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative affix" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Simple Clauses:Nominal and Locational Predication = "Identical" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Simple Clauses:Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions = "Morphological but no compound" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Simple Clauses:Other Roles of Applied Objects = "No applicative construction"
Simple Clauses:Periphrastic Causative Constructions = "Purposive but no sequential" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Simple Clauses:Polar Questions = "Interrogative verb morphology" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Simple Clauses:Predicative Adjectives = "Nonverbal encoding" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Simple Clauses:Predicative Possession = "Locational" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Simple Clauses:Productivity of the Antipassive Construction = "no antipassive" (réf. Asher 1985 )
Simple Clauses:Reciprocal Constructions = "Distinct from reflexive" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Simple Clauses:Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals = "Possible" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Verbal Categories:Coding of Evidentiality = "Verbal affix or clitic" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Verbal Categories:Epistemic Possibility = "Affixes on verbs" (réf. Lehmann 1993 )
Verbal Categories:Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking = "Overlap for either possibility or necessity" (réf. Lehmann 1993 )
Verbal Categories:Perfective/Imperfective Aspect = "No grammatical marking" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "Tense-aspect suffixes" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Verbal Categories:Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality = "Indirect only" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Verbal Categories:Situational Possibility = "Affixes on verbs" (réf. Lehmann 1993 )
Verbal Categories:The Future Tense = "Inflectional future exists" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:The Morphological Imperative = "Second singular and second plural" (réf. Lehmann 1993 )
Verbal Categories:The Optative = "Inflectional optative absent"
Verbal Categories:The Past Tense = "Present, no remoteness distinctions" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:The Perfect = "Other perfect" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:The Prohibitive = "Special imperative + special negative" (réf. Lehmann 1993 )
Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:NegSOV Order = "No NegSOV" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Adjective-Noun" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Postpositions" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Subordinating suffix" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Degree word-Adjective" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Demonstrative-Noun" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Genitive-Noun" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "[V-Neg]" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Numeral-Noun" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb = "XOV" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Relative clause-Noun" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SOV" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Not initial interrogative phrase" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "MorphNeg" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Position of Polar Question Particles = "No question particle" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "[V-Neg]" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Prenominal relative clauses = "Relative clause-Noun (RelN) dominant" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and AdjN"
Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "OV and Postpositions"
Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "OV and RelN"
Word Order:SNegOV Order = "No SNegOV" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:SONegV Order = "No SONegV" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:SOVNeg Order = "Suffix&NoDoubleNeg" (réf. Asher 1982 )
Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages = "SO[V-Neg]" (réf. Asher 1982 )

Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_tml

Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE

Tamil (ea 2611) (36 segments)
a , ai , au , aː , b , c , d̪ , e , eː , h , i , iː , j , k , l̪ , m , n , n̪ , o , oː , p , r , r̪ , t̪ , u , uː , w , ŋ , ɖ , ɟ , ɡ , ɭ , ɲ , ɳ , ʈ , ʐ
Tamil (ph 1058) (33 segments)
a , aɪ , aʊ , aː , b , d̠ʒ , d̪ , e , eː , i , iː , j , k , l , m , n , o , oː , p , s , t̠ʃ , t̪ , u , uː , ɖ , ɡ , ɭ , ɲ , ɳ , ɻ , ɾ , ʈ , ʋ
Tamil (ra 1788) (43 segments)
a , aː , b , cç , d , d̪ , e , eː , f , h , i , iː , j , k , l , l̠˞ , m , n , n̪ , o , oː , p , s , t , t̪ , u , uː , w , x , ð , ŋ , ɖ , ɟʝ , ɡ , ɨ , ɭ , ɲ , ɳ , ɸ , ɽ , ɾ , ʂ , ʈ

Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog

1967. Proceedings of the First International Conference-Seminar on Tamil Studies. Kuala Lumpur: International Association of Tamil Research. (cf. référence complète)
1978. tirukooNamaLai kiLaimoZhi. (moZHiyiyalla ci?ppukkalaippaTTattiRku toortiterutta paaTangka?L o??ka ikkaTTirai cayarppikkappaTTinnata celvi civkaengkai kattaiyaa). (cf. référence complète)
A. H. Arden. 1910. A progressive grammar of spoken Tamil. London: SPCK. 204pp. (cf. référence complète)
A. H. Arden. 1934. A progressive grammar of common Tamil. 4th edn. Christian Literature Society. (1st edn. 1891). (cf. référence complète)
A. H. Arden. 1969. A progressive grammar of spoken Tamil. 5th edn. Madras: The Christian Literature Society. 352pp. (cf. référence complète)
A. Palaraj. 1976. Muslim dialect of Tamil in Lalpetti (South Arco-district). (MA thesis, Annamalai University). (cf. référence complète)
A. W. L. Silva. 2003. Teach Yourself Tamil - A complete course for beginners. Ja-Ela: A. W. L. Silva. (cf. référence complète)
Agarwal C. Binod. 1976. Observation of the vocabulary of the Parayas of North Kerala. In Studies in Dialectology. Trivandrum: Department of Linguistics, University of Kerala. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. A Linguistic Study of Tamil Modi Records. In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. Alapetai in Tamil. In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. Finite Verbs in Tamil - Some Preliminary Observations. In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. Historical Development of Aytam. In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. Language Standardization in Dravidian with Reference to Tamil. In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. Locative in Golla Tamil Dialect. In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. Modes of Agent Supression in Tamil. In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. Morphology of Sanketi Dialect (A Sketch). In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. Some Sociolinguistic Features in Vilavenkodu Tamil. In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. Tamil Adverbial Constituents Signifying Duration of Time. In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.) 1976. Tamil Dialect of Pudur Dravidas of Andhra Pradesh: Verb Morphology. In Agesth, S. and Subrah, P. (eds.), Dravidian Linguistics - V. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.) 1976. A Syntactic Study of Instrumental Case in Tamil. In Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.), Dravidian Case System. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.) 1976. Case System and Metathesis in Sanketi Tamil. In Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.), Dravidian Case System. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.) 1976. Case System and Sandhi in Tamil. In Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.), Dravidian Case System. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.) 1976. Case-Constructions in Tamil and Hindi (A Contrastive Study). In Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.), Dravidian Case System. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.) 1976. Conjunction and the Conjunctive Case. In Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.), Dravidian Case System. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.) 1976. Reflections on Tamil Cases. In Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.), Dravidian Case System. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.) 1976. Tamil Case System in its Dialects. In Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.), Dravidian Case System. (cf. référence complète)
Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.) 1976. The Case System in Jaffna Tamil (A Phonological Study). In Agesth., S. and Gowda, K. (eds.), Dravidian Case System. (cf. référence complète)
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Gourypathy Sastry, T. S. 1972. Descriptive Analysis of Jaffna dialect of Tamil. (MA thesis, Poona: Deccan College; 109pp.) (cf. référence complète)
Govindankutty, A. 1988. Centre and Periphery: The Composition of Kamban’s Language. IJDL 17. 72-78. (cf. référence complète)
Güldemann, Tom and Roncador, Manfred von (eds.) 2002. Direct and indirect discourse in Tamil. In Güldemann, Tom and Roncador, Manfred von (eds.), Reported discourse - A meeting ground for different linguistic domains. (cf. référence complète)
Helga Anton. 1976. The script and pronounciation of Modern Tamil. Madras: Alamu Printing Work. 94pp. (cf. référence complète)
Hermann Beythan. 1943. Praktische Grammatik der Tamilsprache. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (cf. référence complète)
Herring, Susan C. 1993. Functional stability in language change: The evolution of tense and aspect in Tamil. Studies in Language 17. 313-342. (cf. référence complète)
Herring, Susan C. 1994. Discourse functions of demonstrative deixis in Tamil. Berkeley Linguistics Society 20. 246-259. (cf. référence complète)
Jagadeesaperumal, {}. 1972. Kanyakumari Nadar dialect of Tamil. (MA thesis, Annamalai University). (cf. référence complète)
Jagadesan, {}. 1970. A descriptive study of the Telugu Chettirar dialect of Tamil. (MA thesis, Annamalai University). (cf. référence complète)
James W. Gair and S. Suseendirarajah. 1998 [1981]. Some Aspects of the Jaffna Verbal System. (reprinted in Gair (1998)). (cf. référence complète)
James W. Gair and W. Suseendirarajah and W. S. Karunatillake. 1979. Spoken [Sri Lanka Jaffna] Tamil. s.l.: University of Sri Lanka Press. (cf. référence complète)
James W. Gair and W. Suseendirarajah and W. S. Karunatillake. 2005. An introduction to spoken Tamil. Colombo: Godage and Brothers. (cf. référence complète)
Janert, Klaus Ludwig. 2002. Our modern Tamil verbs and meanings. (Sarasvati series, 12.) Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverl. 695pp. (In English and Tamil (romanized)). (cf. référence complète)

Seules sont affichées les 100 premières référence. Pour une liste exhaustive sur Glottolog

Autres liens sur cette langue

Wikipedia: http://wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639:tam
OLAC: http://www.language-archives.org/language/tam
Glottolog: http://glottolog.org/glottolog?iso=tam
iso639: http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tam
Lexvo: http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/tam

Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog