COCOON: Informations linguistiques sur la langue Hindi

Hindi

Code ISO 639-3: hin

Classification: Indo-European > Classical Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indo-Aryan > Middle-Modern Indo-Aryan > Continental Indo-Aryan > Midlands Indo-Aryan > Shaurasenic > Indo-Aryan Central zone > Western Hindi > Hindustani > Hindi

Indice de vitalité: not endangered (AES level: 1) (réf. David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022)

Indice de documentation: Grammar with more than 300 pages (MED level: 0) (réf. Tiwari, Uday Nārāyaṇ 1961)

Ressources dans l'entrepôt

Pays ou régions dans lesquelles l'entrepôt dispose d'enregistrements
	Région	Code	Nombre
	France	FR	4

Rechercher toutes les ressources de l'entrepôt sur cette langue: Hindi

Propriétés (phonologiques, grammaticales, lexicales) de cette langue trouvées dans WALS

Complex Sentences:'Want' Complement Subjects = "Subject is left implicit"
Complex Sentences:'When' Clauses = "Balanced/deranked" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Complex Sentences:Reason Clauses = "Balanced/deranked" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Complex Sentences:Relativization on Obliques = "Non-reduction" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Complex Sentences:Relativization on Subjects = "Non-reduction" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Complex Sentences:Utterance Complement Clauses = "Balanced" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Lexicon:M in First Person Singular = "m in first person singular" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Lexicon:M in Second Person Singular = "No m in second person singular" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Lexicon:M-T Pronouns = "M-T pronouns, paradigmatic" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Lexicon:N-M Pronouns = "No N-M pronouns" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Lexicon:Numeral Bases = "Decimal" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Lexicon:Tea = "Words derived from Sinitic cha" (réf. Malherbe and Rosenberg 1996 )
Morphology:Case Syncretism = "Core and non-core" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Morphology:Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Monoexponential case" (réf. Snell and Weightman 1989, Butt 1994, Sandahl 2000, McGregor 1977 )
Morphology:Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection = "TAM+agreement" (réf. Butt 1994, Sandahl 2000, Snell and Weightman 1989, McGregor 1977 )
Morphology:Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives = "Exclusively concatenative" (réf. Snell and Weightman 1989, Butt 1994, McGregor 1977, Sandahl 2000 )
Morphology:Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb = "2-3 categories per word" (réf. Snell and Weightman 1989 )
Morphology:Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases = "Dependent marking"
Morphology:Locus of Marking in the Clause = "Double marking"
Morphology:Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology = "Inconsistent or other"
Morphology:Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology = "Strongly suffixing" (réf. McGregor 1995, McGregor 1977 )
Morphology:Reduplication = "Productive full and partial reduplication" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Morphology:Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking = "Syncretic" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Morphology:Zero Marking of A and P Arguments = "Non-zero marking"
Nominal Categories:Coding of Nominal Plurality = "Plural suffix" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Nominal Categories:Comitatives and Instrumentals = "Differentiation" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Nominal Categories:Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers = "Formally similar, with interrogative" (réf. Emeneau 1980, Gil 1994b )
Nominal Categories:Definite Articles = "No definite or indefinite article" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Nominal Categories:Distributive Numerals = "Marked by reduplication" (réf. Abbi 1992 )
Nominal Categories:Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns = "No gender distinctions" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns = "No inclusive/exclusive" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Nominal Categories:Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection = "No person marking" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Nominal Categories:Indefinite Articles = "No definite or indefinite article" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Nominal Categories:Indefinite Pronouns = "Special"
Nominal Categories:Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns = "Identical" (réf. Davison 2000 )
Nominal Categories:Number of Genders = "Two" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Nominal Categories:Numeral Classifiers = "Absent"
Nominal Categories:Occurrence of Nominal Plurality = "All nouns, always obligatory"
Nominal Categories:Ordinal Numerals = "First, two-th, three-th" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Nominal Categories:Person Marking on Adpositions = "No person marking" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Nominal Categories:Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns = "Person-number stem" (réf. Kachru 1980 )
Nominal Categories:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns = "Multiple politeness distinctions" (réf. Sharma and Vermeer 1963 )
Nominal Categories:Position of Case Affixes = "Case suffixes" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Nominal Categories:Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems = "Sex-based" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Nominal Categories:Systems of Gender Assignment = "Semantic and formal" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Nominal Categories:The Associative Plural = "No associative plural"
Nominal Categories:Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives = "Related for all demonstratives" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Nominal Syntax:Action Nominal Constructions = "Possessive-Accusative"
Nominal Syntax:Adjectives without Nouns = "Marked by following word"
Nominal Syntax:Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses = "Highly differentiated"
Nominal Syntax:Nominal and Verbal Conjunction = "Identity"
Nominal Syntax:Noun Phrase Conjunction = "'And' different from 'with'" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Nominal Syntax:Number of Possessive Nouns = "None reported"
Nominal Syntax:Obligatory Possessive Inflection = "Absent"
Nominal Syntax:Possessive Classification = "No possessive classification"
Other:Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks = "Logical meanings"
Phonology:Absence of Common Consonants = "All present" (réf. Ohala 1983, Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Consonant Inventories = "Large" (réf. Ohala 1983, Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Consonant-Vowel Ratio = "Moderately high" (réf. Ohala 1983, Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Fixed Stress Locations = "No fixed stress" (réf. Fairbanks 1981, McGregor 1977 )
Phonology:Front Rounded Vowels = "None" (réf. Ohala 1983, Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Glottalized Consonants = "No glottalized consonants" (réf. Ohala 1983, Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Lateral Consonants = "/l/, no obstruent laterals" (réf. Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1983, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Presence of Uncommon Consonants = "None" (réf. Ohala 1983, Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Syllable Structure = "Complex" (réf. Ohala 1983, Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:The Velar Nasal = "No velar nasal" (réf. Ohala 1983 )
Phonology:Tone = "No tones" (réf. Ohala 1983, Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Uvular Consonants = "None" (réf. Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1983, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems = "None missing in /p t k b d g/" (réf. Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1983, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives = "In both plosives and fricatives" (réf. Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1983, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Vowel Nasalization = "Contrast present" (réf. Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Vowel Quality Inventories = "Average (5-6)" (réf. Ohala 1983, Kelkar 1968, Ohala 1999 )
Phonology:Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems = "Long vowel or coda consonant" (réf. Fairbanks 1981, McGregor 1977 )
Phonology:Weight-Sensitive Stress = "Right-oriented: One of the last three" (réf. Fairbanks 1981, McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases = "Tripartite"
Simple Clauses:Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns = "Tripartite"
Simple Clauses:Alignment of Verbal Person Marking = "Accusative" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Antipassive Constructions = "No antipassive"
Simple Clauses:Applicative Constructions = "No applicative construction" (réf. McGregor 1995 )
Simple Clauses:Comparative Constructions = "Locational" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' = "Indirect-object construction"
Simple Clauses:Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation = "Predicate negation also present" (réf. Haspelmath 1997 )
Simple Clauses:Negative Morphemes = "Negative particle" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Nominal and Locational Predication = "Identical" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions = "Morphological but no compound" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Order of Person Markers on the Verb = "A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Other Roles of Applied Objects = "No applicative construction"
Simple Clauses:Passive Constructions = "Present" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Periphrastic Causative Constructions = "Purposive but no sequential" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Polar Questions = "Question particle" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Predicative Adjectives = "Nonverbal encoding" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Predicative Possession = "Locational" (réf. McGregor 1972 )
Simple Clauses:Productivity of the Antipassive Construction = "no antipassive"
Simple Clauses:Reciprocal Constructions = "Distinct from reflexive" (réf. Davison 2000 )
Simple Clauses:Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation = "A/Cat" (réf. McGregor 1977, Tikkanen 1991 )
Simple Clauses:Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation = "Both" (réf. McGregor 1977, Tikkanen 1991 )
Simple Clauses:Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking = "No zero realization" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Verbal Person Marking = "Only the A argument" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Simple Clauses:Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals = "Impossible" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Verbal Categories:Coding of Evidentiality = "No grammatical evidentials" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Verbal Categories:Epistemic Possibility = "Verbal constructions"
Verbal Categories:Imperative-Hortative Systems = "Neither type of system" (réf. McGregor 1992a, Kachru 1980 )
Verbal Categories:Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking = "Overlap for either possibility or necessity" (réf. Kachru 1980 )
Verbal Categories:Perfective/Imperfective Aspect = "Grammatical marking" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes = "Tense-aspect suffixes" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Verbal Categories:Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality = "No grammatical evidentials" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Verbal Categories:Situational Possibility = "Verbal constructions" (réf. Kachru 1980 )
Verbal Categories:Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect = "Tense and aspect" (réf. Harley 1944 )
Verbal Categories:Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives = "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)"
Verbal Categories:The Future Tense = "Inflectional future exists" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:The Morphological Imperative = "Second singular and second plural" (réf. McGregor 1992a, Kachru 1980 )
Verbal Categories:The Optative = "Inflectional optative absent" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Verbal Categories:The Past Tense = "Present, no remoteness distinctions" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:The Perfect = "Other perfect" (réf. Dahl 1985 )
Verbal Categories:The Prohibitive = "Normal imperative + special negative" (réf. McGregor 1992a, Kachru 1980 )
Verbal Categories:Verbal Number and Suppletion = "None" (réf. Harley 1944 )
Word Order:Correlative relative clauses = "Correlative relative clause dominant" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Minor morphological means of signaling negation = "None" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:NegSOV Order = "No NegSOV" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Adjective and Noun = "Adjective-Noun" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "Postpositions" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause = "Initial subordinator word" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Degree Word and Adjective = "Degree word-Adjective" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Demonstrative and Noun = "Demonstrative-Noun" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Genitive and Noun = "Genitive-Noun" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb = "NegV" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Numeral and Noun = "Numeral-Noun" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Object and Verb = "OV" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Correlative" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Subject and Verb = "SV" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Order of Subject, Object and Verb = "SOV" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions = "Not initial interrogative phrase" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb = "SONegV" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Position of Polar Question Particles = "Initial" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb = "Immed preverbal" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Postverbal Negative Morphemes = "None" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Preverbal Negative Morphemes = "NegV" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun = "OV and AdjN"
Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase = "OV and Postpositions"
Word Order:Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun = "Other"
Word Order:SNegOV Order = "No SNegOV" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:SONegV Order = "Word&NoDoubleNeg" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:SOVNeg Order = "NoSOVNeg" (réf. McGregor 1977 )
Word Order:The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages = "SONegV" (réf. McGregor 1977 )

Pour plus de précisions voir sur WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures), Cf. http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_hin

Inventaires de phonèmes de cette langue trouvés dans PHOIBLE

HINDI-URDU (upsid 354) (61 segments)
aː , ãː , b , b̤ , d̠ʒ , d̠ʒ̤ , d̪ , d̪̤ , eː , ẽː , f , iː , ĩː , j , k , kʰ , l̪|l , l̪̤|l̤ , m , m̤ , n̪ , n̪̤ , oː , õː , p , pʰ , q , r̪|r , s̪|s , t̠ʃ , t̠ʃʰ , t̪ , t̪ʰ , uː , ũː , z̪|z , æː , ɔ , ɔ̃ , ɖ , ɖ̤ , ɛ , ɛ̃ , ɜ , ɜ̃ , ɡ , ɡ̤ , ɦ , ɪ , ɪ̃ , ɽ̃ , ʁ , ʃ , ʈ , ʈʰ , ʊ , ʊ̃ , ʒ , ʔ , β̞ , χ
Hindi (ea 2542) (55 segments)
ã̈ː , äː , b , b̤ʱ , d̠ʒ , d̤ʒ̤ʱ , d̻ , d̻̤ʱ , eː , ẽː , f , iː , ĩː , j , k , kʰ , l̻ , m , n̻ , oː , õː , p , pʰ , r , s , t̠ʃ , t̠ʃʰ , t̻ , t̻ʰ , uː , ũː , z , æ , ɔː , ɔ̃ː , ɖ , ɖ̤ʱ , ə , ə̃ , ɛː , ɛ̃ː , ɡ , ɡ̤ʱ , ɦ , ɪ , ɪ̃ , ɽ , ɽ̤ʱ , ʂ , ʃ , ʈ , ʈʰ , ʊ , ʊ̃ , ʋ
Hindi (ra 1728) (58 segments)
a , b , b̤ , cç , cçʰ , d̪ , d̪̤ , e , ẽ̞ , f , h , i , ĩ , j , k , kʰ , l , m , n̪ , o , õ , õ̞ , p , pʰ , s , t̪ , t̪ʰ , u , ũː , w , z , æ , æ̞̃ , ç , ŋ , ɑ̃ , ɔ , ɖ , ɖ̤ , ə , ə̃ , ɛ , ɟʝ , ɟ̤ʝ , ɡ , ɡʱ , ɪ , ɪ̃ , ɲ , ɳ , ɽ , ɽ̤ , ɾ , ʈ , ʈʰ , ʊ , ʊ̃ , ʝ
Hindi (uz 2190) (74 segments)
b , bː , b̤ , d̠ʒ , d̠ʒː , d̤ʒ̤ , d̤ʒ̤ː , d̪ , d̪ː , d̪̤ , d̪̤ː , e , f , fː , h , i , j , k , kʰ , kʰː , kː , l , lː , m , mː , n , nː , o , p , pʰ , pʰː , pː , rː , s , sː , t̠ʃ , t̠ʃʰ , t̠ʃʰː , t̠ʃː , t̪ , t̪ʰ , t̪ʰː , t̪ː , u , z , zː , æ , ŋ , ŋː , ɑ , ɔ , ɖ , ɖː , ɖ̤ , ɖ̤ː , ə , ɛ , ɡ , ɡː , ɡ̤ , ɡ̤ː , ɪ , ɽ , ɽ̤ , ɾ , ʃ , ʃː , ʈ , ʈʰ , ʈʰː , ʈː , ʊ , ʋ , ʋː
Hindi-Urdu (spa 176) (94 segments)
aː , ãː , b , bː , b̤ , b̤ː , d̠ʒ , d̠ʒː , d̠ʒ̤ , d̠ʒ̤ː , d̪ , d̪ː , d̪̤ , d̪̤ː , eː , ẽː , f , fː , iː , ĩː , j , jː , k , kʰ , kʰː , kː , l , lː , l̤ , m , mː , m̤ , n̪ , n̪ː , n̪̤ , oː , õː , p , pʰ , pʰː , pː , q , qː , r , rː , s , sː , t̠ʃ , t̠ʃʰ , t̠ʃʰː , t̠ʃː , t̪ , t̪ʰ , t̪ʰː , t̪ː , uː , ũː , z , zː , æe̯ , æẽ̯ , ɑ , ɔo̯ , ɔõ̯ , ɔ̤ , ɖ , ɖː , ɖ̤ , ɖ̤ː , ɜ , ɜ̃ , ɡ , ɡː , ɡ̤ , ɡ̤ː , ɦ , ɪ , ɪ̃ , ɪ̈ , ɽ̃ , ʁ , ʂ , ʃː , ʈ , ʈʰ , ʈʰː , ʈː , ʊ , ʊ̃ , ʋ , ʋː , ʒ , ʔ , χ

Références bibliographiques sur cette langue trouvées dans Glottolog

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Seules sont affichées les 100 premières référence. Pour une liste exhaustive sur Glottolog

Autres liens sur cette langue

Wikipedia: http://wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639:hin
OLAC: http://www.language-archives.org/language/hin
Glottolog: http://glottolog.org/glottolog?iso=hin
iso639: http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hin
Lexvo: http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/hin

Informations tirées de Lexvo.org, de dbpedia.org, de WALS, de PHOIBLE, et de Glottolog